Korean J Clin Microbiol.  2009 Sep;12(3):116-121. 10.5145/KJCM.2009.12.3.116.

Evaluation of OraQuick Advance Rapid HIV-1/2 Antibody Test as a Screening Test for HIV Infection

• Choi TY
• Seo YI
• Kim TH
• Shin JW
• Park R

• KMID: 1828581
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5145/KJCM.2009.12.3.116

Abstract

BACKGROUND
For the diagnosis of HIV infection, enzyme immunoassay (EIA) or chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) is commonly used as a screening test. Although these methods have a high sensitivity and low cost, their high false positive rate can cause confusion in the patients and clinicians until a more specific test is done. OraQuick Advance Rapid HIV-1/2 Antibody Test (OraQuick) (OraSure Technologies, USA) is a rapid test that can detect HIV-1/2 antibodies in 20 minutes. It uses oral fluid, whole blood or serum sample. In this study, we evaluated the usefulness of the OraQuick as a screening and point-of-care test for HIV infection.
METHODS
From Jan 2007 to Dec 2008, 45,276 samples referred to our laboratory were tested by CLIA method using the ADVIA Centaur (Bayer Healthcare LTD., USA) for HIV-1/2 antibody detection. Among them, 74 positive and 50 negative samples were tested by the Western immunoblot assay (WIB) and OraQuick test as a case-control study. Also, oral fluids from 30 HIV patients and 48 healthy persons were tested by OraQuick test.
RESULTS
The sensitivity and specificity of OraQuick test (using serum samples) were 100% and 98.8% (95% confidence interval 96.9~100%), respectively. OraQuick tests (using oral fluid samples) were all positive for HIV patients but all negative for healthy persons.
CONCLUSIONS
This study suggests that OraQuick can be used successfully as a rapid test for the early detection of HIV-1/2 antibody in patients visiting emergency departments and for the prevention of HIV infection in the health care providers.

Keyword

HIV-1/2 antibody; OraQuick test; Rapid test; Infection control

MeSH Terms

Antibodies
Blotting, Western
Case-Control Studies
Delivery of Health Care
Emergencies
HIV
HIV Infections
Humans
Immunoassay
Immunoenzyme Techniques
Infection Control
Luminescence
Mass Screening
Sensitivity and Specificity
Antibodies

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