1. Massague J. TGF-beta signal transduction. Annu Rev Biochem. 1998; 67:753–791.
2. Blobe GC, Schiemann WP, Lodish HF. Role of transforming growth factor beta in human disease. N Engl J Med. 2000; 342:1350–1358.
3. Massague J, Blain SW, Lo RS. TGFbeta signaling in growth control, cancer, and heritable disorders. Cell. 2000; 103:295–309.
4. Lee C, Lee SH, Kim DS, Jeon YS, Lee NK, Lee SE. Growth inhibition after exposure to transforming growth factor-β1 in human bladder cancer cell lines. Korean J Urol. 2014; 55:487–492.
5. Rocke DM, Durbin B. A model for measurement error for gene expression arrays. J Comput Biol. 2001; 8:557–569.
6. Yang YH, Dudoit S, Luu P, Lin DM, Peng V, Ngai J, et al. Normalization for cDNA microarray data: a robust composite method addressing single and multiple slide systematic variation. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002; 30:e15.
7. Kerr G, Ruskin HJ, Crane M, Doolan P. Techniques for clustering gene expression data. Comput Biol Med. 2008; 38:283–293.
8. Budhraja V, Spitznagel E, Schaiff WT, Sadovsky Y. Incorporation of gene-specific variability improves expression analysis using high-density DNA microarrays. BMC Biol. 2003; 1:1.
9. Derynck R, Zhang YE. Smad-dependent and Smad-independent pathways in TGF-beta family signalling. Nature. 2003; 425:577–584.
10. Sanchez-Capelo A. Dual role for TGF-beta1 in apoptosis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2005; 16:15–34.
11. Tsukazaki T, Chiang TA, Davison AF, Attisano L, Wrana JL. SARA, a FYVE domain protein that recruits Smad2 to the TGFbeta receptor. Cell. 1998; 95:779–791.
12. Govinden R, Bhoola KD. Genealogy, expression, and cellular function of transforming growth factor-beta. Pharmacol Ther. 2003; 98:257–265.
13. Chang L, Karin M. Mammalian MAP kinase signalling cascades. Nature. 2001; 410:37–40.
14. Yue J, Mulder KM. Activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway by transforming growth factor-beta. Methods Mol Biol. 2000; 142:125–131.