J Korean Med Sci.  2009 Jun;24(3):375-383. 10.3346/jkms.2009.24.3.375.

Advanced Surface Reconstruction Technique to Build Detailed Surface Models of the Liver and Neighboring Structures from the Visible Korean Human

• Shin DS
• Chung MS
• Lee JW
• Park JS
• Chung J
• Lee SB
• Lee SH

• KMID: 1779151
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2009.24.3.375

Abstract

Unlike volume models, surface models, which are empty three-dimensional images, have small file size, so that they can be displayed, rotated, and modified in a real time. For the reason, the surface models of liver and neighboring structures can be effectively applied to virtual hepatic segmentectomy, virtual laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and so on. The purpose of this research is to present surface models of detailed structures inside and outside the liver, which promote medical simulation systems. Forty-seven chosen structures were liver structures such as portal triad, hepatic vein, and neighboring structures such as the stomach, duodenum, muscles, bones, and skin. The structures were outlined in the serially sectioned images from the Visible Korean Human to prepare segmented images. From the segmented images, serial outlines of each structure were stacked; on the popular commercial software, advanced surface reconstruction technique was applied to build surface model of the structure. A surface model of the liver was divided into eight models of hepatic segments according to distribution of the portal vein. The surface models will be distributed to encourage researchers to develop the various kinds of medical simulation of the abdomen.

Keyword

Liver; Portal Vein; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Models, Anatomic; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Visible Korean Human; Computer Simulation

MeSH Terms

Asian Continental Ancestry Group
Computer Simulation
Humans
*Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
Imaging, Three-Dimensional
Liver/*anatomy & histology
*Models, Anatomic
Models, Biological
Portal Vein/anatomy & histology
Software
Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Figure

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  Fig. 1 Drawing and stacking of gallbladder's outlines. Segmented images on the serially sectioned images (A). Vectorized segmented images (B). Outlines lines model (C).

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  Fig. 2 Surface reconstruction of a schematic structure with three outlines (top row) and that of the gallbladder (bottom row), where neighboring outlines are overlapped. Outlines model (A). Packed outlines model (B). Columns volume model (C). Columns surface model (D). Smoothed surface model (E).

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  Fig. 3 Surface reconstruction of a schematic structure with four outlines (top row) and that of the hepatic artery (bottom row), where neighboring outlines are not-overlapped. Outlines model (A). Disassembled surface models (B). Assembled surface model (C). Smoothed surface model (D).

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  Fig. 4 Smoothed surface model of the gallbladder, superimposed on the outlines model (A). That superimposed on the serially sectioned image (B).

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  Fig. 5 Surface models of the portal triad and hepatic vein. Hepatic duct (A). Hepatic artery (B). Portal vein (C). Hepatic vein (D).

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  Fig. 6 Combined surface models of the liver and neighboring structures, which are differently selected to display.

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  Fig. 7 Surface model of the portal vein, which is differently colored according to the segmental branches (A). Surface model of the liver, which is divided into models of the hepatic segments (B).

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  Fig. 8 Volume model of the liver, which is rotated.

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  Fig. 9 Combined surface models of the liver and neighboring structures, which are rotated.

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