J Korean Acad Periodontol.  2009 Jun;39(2):167-176. 10.5051/jkape.2009.39.2.167.

Effect of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) on bone regeneration in rabbit calvaria

• Park JY
• Hwang WJ
• Jeong SN
• Kim YS
• Pi SH
• You HK
• Shin HS

• KMID: 1733734
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5051/jkape.2009.39.2.167

Abstract

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to histologically and histomorphometrically evaluate the effect of PLGA on bone regeneration compared with bone graft material.
METHODS
The experimental study was conducted in 10 rabbits with 2 different healing periods of 2 and 4 weeks. Following surgical exposure of the calvarium, 4 circular bone defects with a diameter of 4.6mm were formed. Rabbits were divided into control group, test groups I, and II. 10 defects assigned to the test group I were grafted with Nu-oss and other 10 defects assigned to the test group II were grafted with PLGA. The rest of the defects were in the negative control group. At 2nd and 4th week after surgery, 10 rabbits were sacrificed through intracardiac perfusion and then specimens were obtained. Histological analysis was performed following staining with trichorme and transversal sectioning of the calvarial bone.
RESULTS
A group which used PLGA showed tissue reactions characterized by severe inflammation, rather than distinctive new bone formation.
CONCLUSIONS
The present experimental investigations have failed to prove any beneficial effects of PLGA. PLGA used in this study exhibited foreign body reactions and a less favorable pattern of new bone formation in comparison to control group.
CONCLUSION
PLGA did not function as scaffold. Further investigations of many types of micro PLGA that could improve its potential in GBR procedures are needed.

Keyword

polyglycolic acid; lactic acid; bone substitutes; bone regeneration

MeSH Terms

Bone Regeneration
Bone Substitutes
Foreign Bodies
Inflammation
Lactic Acid
Osteogenesis
Perfusion
Polyglactin 910
Polyglycolic Acid
Rabbits
Skull
Transplants
Bone Substitutes
Lactic Acid
Polyglactin 910
Polyglycolic Acid

Figure

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  Figure 1 NU-Oss® and PLGA graft in Calvarial bony defect.

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  Figure 2 control group, 2 weeks post-surgery : The bone defect was partially recovered by newly formed bone tissue, but the central part was changed into fibrous connective tissue. There are unfused ossicles in the fibrous connective tissue. (Trichrome staining, A: ×20, B: ×100).

• 

  Figure 3 control group, 4 weeks post-surgery: The new bone tissue regeneration made rapid progress, but still the central part of it was composed of fibrous connective tissue. The bone tissue that is recovering into bone looked like it matured more than it had 2 weeks ago. (Trichrome staining, A: ×20, B: ×100).

• 

  Figure 4 experimental group, 1, 2 weeks post-surgery; Some part of bone graft at the boundary of the bone defect was newly formed and agglutinated well. But still, majority of implant is covered by a fibrous tissue, not by a bony tissue. (Trichrome staining, A: ×20, B: ×100).

• 

  Figure 5 experimental group, 1 ,4 weeks post-surgery; The bone tissue showing bony change was far matured but bone growth through bone graft was slight. It is observed that a small number of multinuclear cells exist around the graft bone in the fibrous tissue. (Trichrome staining, A: ×20, B: ×100).

• 

  Figure 6 experimental group, 2, 2 weeks post-surgery; The PAL membrane which has been inserted into the bony defect was covered by a fibrous connective tissue, and a great number of multinuclear cells infiltrated densely in it. Fibrous connective tissue and new bone tissue inflowed partially. There was no specific bony change. (Trichrome staining, A: ×20, B: ×100).

• 

  Figure 7 experimental group, 2, 4 weeks post-surgery ; A number of multinuclear cells and chronic inflammatory cells were inflitrated in the PLA membrane. The membrane was widely absorbed away, and the surrounding fibrous tissue did not show specific inflammatory state. A growth of new bony tissue is observed around the PLA graft, but still there is no bony change. (Trichrome staining, A: ×20, B: ×100).

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