J Korean Med Sci.  2010 Jan;25(1):83-89. 10.3346/jkms.2010.25.1.83.

Nutritional Status of Vitamin D and the Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation in Korean Breast-fed Infants

• Kim MJ
• Na B
• No SJ
• Han HS
• Jeong EH
• Lee W
• Han Y
• Hyeun T

• KMID: 1713836
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2010.25.1.83

Abstract

We investigated the vitamin D status and the effect of vitamin D supplementation in Korean breast-fed infants. The healthy term newborns were divided into 3 groups; A, formula-fed; B, breast-fed only; S, breast-fed with vitamin D supplementation. We measured serum concentrations of vitamin D (25OHD3), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), alkaline phosphatase (AP), intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and bone mineral density (BMD) at 6 and 12 months of age. Using questionnaires, average duration of sun-light exposure and dietary intake of vitamin D, Ca and P were obtained. At 6 and 12 months of age, 25OHD3 was significantly higher in group S than in group B (P<0.001). iPTH was significantly lower in group S than in group B at 6 months (P=0.001), but did not differ at 12 months. Regardless of vitamin D supplementation, BMD was lower in group B and S than in group A (P<0.05). Total intake of vitamin D differed among 3 groups (P<0.001, A>S>B), but total intake of Ca and P were higher in group A than in group B and S (P<0.001). In conclusion, breast-fed infants show lower vitamin D status and bone mineralization than formula-fed infants. Vitamin D supplementation (200 IU/day) in breast-fed infants increases serum 25-OH vitamin D3, but not bone mineral density.

Keyword

Vitamin D; Nutritional Status; Bone Density; Vitamin D Deficiency; Dietary Supplements; Breast feeding; Infant

MeSH Terms

Alkaline Phosphatase/blood
Bone Density
*Breast Feeding
Calcifediol/*blood
Calcium/blood
Cholecalciferol/blood
*Dietary Supplements
Female
Humans
Infant, Newborn
Male
Parathyroid Hormone/blood
Phosphorus/blood
Questionnaires
Republic of Korea
Vitamin D/*administration & dosage
Parathyroid Hormone
Vitamin D
Calcifediol
Cholecalciferol
Calcium
Phosphorus
Alkaline Phosphatase

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Comparison of serum levels of 25-OH vitamin D3 (25OHD3) (A), parathyroid hormone (PTH=iPTH) (B), and bone mineral density (BMD) (C) among 3 study groups at birth, 6, and 12 months of age (A, formula-fed; B, breast-fed without supplementation; S, breast-fed with vitamin D supplementation).

• 

  Fig. 2 Relationship between serum 25-OH vitamin D3 (25OHD3, VD) and parathyroid hormone (PTH=iPTH) levels at 6 months (A) and 12 months of age (B).

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