Pulp and periodontal tissue changes following rapid tooth retraction by periodontal distraction in young adult dogs

Lee, Jong Jin; Hong, Hyun Sil; Chae, Jong Moon; Jo, Jin Hyung; Kim, Sang Cheol

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to evaluate pulp and periodontal changes following rapid tooth retraction by periodontal distraction after bone undermining surgery in young adult dogs.
METHODS
After extraction of second premolars, the interseptal bone mesial to the upper 3rd premolar was undermined. After activating the distraction appliance at 0.5 mm/day for six days, the dogs were sacrificed at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 weeks during the consolidation period. Tissue changes of periodontium and pulp were evaluated radiologically, histologically, and immunohistochemically.
RESULTS
Digital subtraction radiography showed active bone formation in the stretched periodontal ligament from 0 - 4 weeks. Resorption of the alveolar bone, appearance of osteoclasts, and infiltration of inflammatory cells were observed just after the activation period at the pressure side, and distinctive bone formation was seen in the tension side of the periodontal ligament from 1 week. New bone formation was active at 1 - 3 weeks. The expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide in the experimental group was increased at the alveolar bone and pulp, and periodontal ligament at the pressure side from 0 - 1 week, and it decreased after 5 weeks to become similar to that of the control group.
CONCLUSIONS
The results showed that rapid tooth movement using periodontal distraction can be new form of orthodontic tooth movement for accelerating normal bone formation.