Absorbable Guided Bone Regeneration Membrane Fabricated from Dehydrothermal Treated Porcine Collagen

Pang, Kang Mi; Choung, Han Wool; Kim, Sung Po; Yang, Eun Kyung; Kim, Ki Ho; Kim, Soung Min; Kim, Myung Jin; Jahng, Jeong Won; Lee, Jong Ho

Abstract

PURPOSE
Collagen membranes are used extensively as bioabsorbable barriers in guided bone regeneration. However, collagen has different effects on tissue restoration depending on the type, structure, degree of cross-linking and chemical treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the inflammatory reaction, bone formation, and degradation of dehydrothermal treated porcine type I atelocollagen (CollaGuide(R)) compared to of the non-crosslinked porcine type I, III collagen (BioGide(R)) and the glutaldehyde cross-linked bovine type I collagen (BioMend(R)) in surgically created bone defects in rat mandible.
METHODS
Bone defect model was based upon 3 mm sized full-thickness transcortical bone defects in the mandibular ramus of Sprague-Dawley rats. The defects were covered bucolingually with CollaGuide(R), BioMend(R), or BioGide(R) (n=12). For control, the defects were not covered by any membrane. Lymphocyte, multinucleated giant cell infiltration, bone formation over the defect area and membrane absorption were evaluated at 4 weeks postimplantation. For comparison of the membrane effect over the bone augmentation, rats received a bone graft plus different covering of membrane. A 3x4 mm sized block graft was harvested from the mandibular angle and was laid and stabilized with a microscrew on the naturally existing curvature of mandibular inferior border. After 10 weeks postimplantation, same histologic analysis were done.
RESULTS
In the defect model at 4 weeks post-implantation, the amount of new bone formed in defects was similar for all types of membrane. Bio-Gide(R) membranes induced significantly greater inflammatory response and membrane resorption than other two membranes; characterized by lymphocytes and multinucleated giant cells. At 10 weeks postoperatively, all membranes were completely resorbed.
CONCLUSION
Dehydrotheramal treated cross-linked collagen was safe and effective in guiding bone regeneration in alveolar ridge defects and bone augmentation in rats, similar to BioGide(R) and BioMend(R), thus, could be clinically useful.