J Vet Sci.  2004 Mar;5(1):11-18.

Comparative study of PM2.5 - and PM10 - induced oxidative stress in rat lung epithelial cells

• Choi JH
• Kim JS
• Kim YC
• Kim YS
• Chung NH
• Cho MH

Abstract

Accurate estimation of the exposure-response relationship between ambient urban particulate matters (PM) and public health is important for regulatory perspective of ambient urban particulate matters (PM). Ambient PM contains various transition metals and organic compounds. PM10 (aerodynamic diameter less than 10 microgram) is known to induce diverse diseases such as chronic cough, bronchitis, chest illness, etc. However, recent evaluation of PM2.5 (aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 microgram) against health outcomes has suggested that the fine particles may be more closely associated with adverse respiratory health effects than particles of larger size. This study was performed to evaluate PM2.5-induced oxidative stress in rat lung epithelial cell in order to provide basic data for the risk assessment of PM2.5. PM2.5 showed higher cytotoxicity than PM10. Also, PM 2.5 induced more malondialdehyde (MDA) formation than PM10. In Hoechst 33258 dye staining and DNA fragmentation assay, apopotic changes were clearly detected in PM2.5 treated cells in compared to PM10. Expression of catalase mRNA was increased by PM2.5 rather than PM10. PM2.5 induced higher Mth1 mRNA than PM10. In pBR322 DNA treated with PM2.5, production of single strand breakage of DNA was higher than that of PM10. In Western blot analysis, PM2.5 induced more Nrf-2 protein, associated with diverse transcriptional and anti-oxidative stress enzymes, compared to PM10. Our data suggest that PM2.5 rather than PM10 may be responsible for PM-induced toxicity. Additional efforts are needed to establish the environmental standard of PM2.5.

Keyword

particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5); particulate matter 10 (PM10); rat lung epithelial cell

MeSH Terms

Air Pollutants/chemistry/*toxicity
Animals
Apoptosis/physiology
Benzimidazoles/metabolism
Blotting, Western
Cell Line
Cell Survival/physiology
DNA Fragmentation/physiology
DNA Repair Enzymes/genetics/metabolism
DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
Epithelial Cells/drug effects/enzymology/pathology
Formazans/metabolism
GA-Binding Protein Transcription Factor
Lipid Peroxides/metabolism
Lung Diseases/*chemically induced/enzymology/pathology
Oxidative Stress/*physiology
RNA, Messenger/chemistry/genetics
Rats
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
Tetrazolium Salts/metabolism
Transcription Factors/metabolism