J Korean Acad Nurs.  2008 Apr;38(2):287-297. 10.4040/jkan.2008.38.2.287.

Identification of Factors related to Hospital Nurses' Organizational Citizenship Behavior using a Multilevel Analysis

• Ko YK

• KMID: 820082
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2008.38.2.287

Abstract

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify factors related to nurses' organizational citizenship behavior using multilevel analysis which included both nurse characteristics at individual levels and nursing unit characteristics at group levels. METHODS: The sample was composed of 1,996 nurses who were selected from 182 nursing units in 28 hospitals in six metropolitan cities and seven provinces using cluster sampling. Data were collected using self-reported questionnaires from February to March 2006. RESULTS: The results of the study indicated that individual level variables related to organizational citizenship behavior were religion, job position, clinical career, self efficacy, positive affectivity, and supervisor support. The group level variables related to organizational citizenship behavior were collective efficacy, number of nurses in a nursing unit, and the average salary level of a nursing unit. 30.9% of individual level variances of organizational citizenship behavior were explained by the nurses' individual level variables. The explanatory power of group level variables, which is related to group level variances of organizational citizenship behavior, was 75.5%. CONCLUSION: This research showed that it was necessary to develop appropriate strategies related to not only individual factors, but also higher-level organizational factors such as collective efficacy, to improve individual performances in the hospital.

Keyword

Organizational citizenship behavior; Self efficacy; Affectivity; Social support; Collective efficacy; Multilevel analysis

MeSH Terms

Adult
Attitude of Health Personnel
Cross-Sectional Studies
Demography
Female
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Multivariate Analysis
Nursing Staff, Hospital/organization & administration/*psychology
Personal Satisfaction
Questionnaires
*Social Behavior
Social Support
Young Adult

Reference

1. Ahn EK. A model for clinical nurses'self-efficacy and work performance. 1999. Daejeon: Chungnam University;Unpublished master's thesis.

2. Bandura A. Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. 1997. NY: Freeman.

3. Bang EJ. The impact of SES on health: A multilevel analysis study. 2005. Seoul: Seoul National University;Unpublished master's thesis.

4. Button SB, Mathieu JE, Aikin KJ. An examination of the relative impact of assigned goals and self-efficacy on personal goals and performance over time. Journal of Applied Social Psychology. 1996. 26:1084–1103.

5. Choi WS. Determinants of job satisfaction and organizational commitment in national university hospital employees. 2003. Seoul: Yonsei University;Unpublished master's thesis.

6. Chiu RK, Francesco AM. Dispositional traits and turnover intention: Examining the mediating role of job satisfaction and affective commitment. International Journal of Manpower. 2003. 24:284–298.

7. Cobb S. Presidential Address-1976. Social support as moderator of life stress. Psychosomatic Medicine. 1976. 38:300–314.

8. George JM. Mood and absence. Journal of Applied Psychology. 1989. 74:317–324.

9. Goode D, Rowe K. Perceptions and experiences of primary nursing in an ICU: A combined method approach. Intensive & Critical Care Nursing. 2001. 17:294–303.

10. Han WH. The moderating effects of efficacy on the relationship between job characteristics and job stress outcomes. Korean Journal of Personnel Administration. 2003a. 27:33–57.

11. Han WH. The mediating effect of job satisfaction and self-efficacy in the relationships between dispositional traits and turnover intention. Korean Journal of Business. 2003b. 12:2197–2215.

12. Iverson RD, Deery SJ. Understanding the "personological" basis of employee withdrawal: The influence of affective disposition on employee tardiness, early departure, and absenteeism. The Journal of Applied Psychology. 2001. 86:856–866.

13. Jeon HS. Influence of Leader-Member Exchange and Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Nursing organization. 2003. Seoul: Ewha Womans University;Unpublished master's thesis.

14. Jex SM, Bliese PD. Efficacy beliefs as a moderator of the impact of work-related stressors: A multilevel study. The Journal of Applied Psychology. 1999. 84:349–361.

15. Judge TA, Locke EA, Durham CC. The disposition causes of job satisfaction: A core evaluations approach. Research in Organization Behavior. 1997. 19:151–188.

16. Kang DS, Cha DW. The impact of organizational justice, LMX quality, and psychological empowerment on serviceoriented organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs). Korean Journal of Personnel Administration. 2004. 28:263–287.

17. Kang SJ. Methodological characteristics of statistical multilevel models and applicational procedure. Journal of Education Evaluation. 1995. 8(2):63–94.

18. Kang SJ, Jeon MJ, Chang JH. A comparative analysis on the problem behaviors of academic high school students and vocational high school students-3-level hierarchical linear models. Proceedings of 1st KEEP Conference. 2005. 7:145–173.

19. Lindorff M. Is it better to perceive than receive? Social support, stress and strain for managers. Psychology, Health and Medicine. 2000. 5:271–286.

20. Munchinsky PM. Psychology Applied to Work: An Introduction to Industrial and Organizational Psychology. 1983. Homewood, IL: Dorsey Press.

21. Organ DW. The goal soldier syndrome. Organizational citizenship behavior. 1988. Lexington MA: Lexington Books.

22. Park HO. An analysis of pay structure and management of hospital nurses. 2006. Seoul: Yonsei University;Unpublished doctoral dissertation.

23. Riggs ML, Knight PA. The impact of perceived group success-failure on motivational beliefs and attitudes: A casual model. The Journal of Applied Psychology. 1994. 79:755–766.

24. Seo YJ, Kim JH. A study on job satisfaction and organizational commitment of medical insurance review nurses. Korean Journal of Health Policy and Administration. 2001. 11:62–86.

25. Seo CH. The effect of supervisor's support on job involvement, organizational citizenship behavior and mediating job satisfaction. Journal of Tourism Research. 1999. 22(3):93–112.

26. Shim M. A study on the correlation among transformational and transactional leadership of head nurse, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and job performance of nurse. 2005. Kangnung: Kwandong University;Unpublished master's thesis.

27. Snijders TA, Bosker RJ. Multilevel Analysis-An introduction to basic and advanced multilevel modeling. 1999. London, Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications.

28. Takase M, Maude P, Manias E. Explaining nurses' work behaviour from their perception of the environment and work values. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 2005. 42:889–898.

29. Tzeng HM. Nurses' self-assessment of their nursing competencies, job demands and job performance in the Taiwan hospital system. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 2004. 41:487–496.

30. Watson D, Clark LA. Negative affectivity: The disposition to experience aversive emotional state. Psychological Bulletin. 1984. 96:465–490.