Kosin Med J.  2025 Mar;40(1):55-65. 10.7180/kmj.24.125.

Did the COVID-19 pandemic impact the surgical treatment of febrile acute appendicitis at a single center in Korea, a country not under lockdown? Observational cohort study

• Choi Y
• Kim Y

• KMID: 2566132
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.24.125

Abstract

Background
This study analyzed the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on acute appendicitis (AA) treatment in Korea, a country that did not implement lockdown measures.
Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted during two discretionary time periods: a pre COVID-19 period, and a COVID-19 period. This study included adult and pediatric patients diagnosed with AA who underwent surgical treatment. Clinical and laboratory parameters, changes in surgery timing, disease severity, and postoperative outcomes were compared between the pre and post pandemic periods.
Results
The study included a total of 221 patients, with 139 receiving appendectomy in the COVID-19 cohort and 82 in the control cohort. In patients without fever, operative time was significantly longer during the COVID-19 period (p<0.01). Among patients presenting with fever, the rate of complicated AA was higher during the COVID-19 period than in the control period (p<0.01). During the COVID-19 period, the diagnostic and preoperative delay times, as well as postoperative hospital stays, were longer (p<0.05), and the incidence of postoperative complications and other hospital diagnoses was higher (p<0.01) during the COVID-19 period than in the control period. Multivariate analysis showed that age (p=0.03) and the presence of fever (p<0.01) were independent risk factors for complicated AA.
Conclusions
Older patients and those with fever were at greater risk of severe AA. During outbreaks of infectious diseases like COVID-19, careful consideration is needed regarding surgical interventions in older patients with fever. Understanding vulnerabilities is crucial for disease management in the future.

Keyword

Aged; Appendectomy; Appendicitis; COVID-19; Fever

Figure

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  Fig. 1. COVID-19 and hospital delays. COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; ER, emergency room; CT, computed tomography; OP operation.

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  Fig. 2. Level D coveralls and surgical gowns, N95 respirators, goggles or face shields, double gloves, and overshoes.

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  Fig. 3. Diagram for the study.

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  Fig. 4. (A, B) Diagnostic delay time and preoperative delay time were significantly longer in COVID-19 group in according to fever. (C, D) Postoperative hospital stay was significantly longer in COVID-9 group according to fever. COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019.

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  Fig. 5. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to identify the occurrence of complicated acute appendicitis that the optimal cutoffs for age was 44 years, yielding 58.6% sensitivity and 65.2% specificity.

Reference

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