Med Lasers.  2024 Sep;13(3):109-118. 10.25289/ML.24.023.

Restoring mitochondrial dynamics in neuronal health through photobiomodulation

• Woo K

• KMID: 2564458
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.25289/ML.24.023

Abstract

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Disruptions in mitochondrial fusion and fission lead to the accumulation of damaged mitochondria and elevated oxidative stress, contributing to neuronal cell death. Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy, utilizing low-level laser light or light-emitting diodes, has shown promise in restoring mitochondrial dynamics by stimulating cytochrome c oxidase in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. This enhances adenosine triphosphate production, promotes mitochondrial fusion, and reduces fission. Additionally, PBM attenuates neuroinflammation by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine and reactive oxygen species production, creating a favorable environment for neuronal survival. This review explores the mechanisms through which PBM influences mitochondrial dynamics and its therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative diseases. By restoring mitochondrial balance and reducing neuroinflammation, PBM offers a unique approach to mitigating mitochondrial dysfunction and enhancing neuronal function.

Keyword

Photobiomodulation; Mitochondrial dysfunction; Mitochondrial dynamics; Neuroinflammation; Neurodegenerative diseases