World J Mens Health.
2025 Jan;43(1):249-258. 10.5534/wjmh.230366.
Trimethylamine Oxidation into the Proatherogenic Trimethylamine N-Oxide Is Higher in Coronary Heart Disease Men: From the CORDIOPREV Study
- Garcia-Fernandez H1,2,3,4
- Alcala-Diaz JF1,2,3,4
- Quintana-Navarro GM1,2,3,4
- Lopez-Moreno J1,2,3,4
- Luque-Cordoba D3,5,6
- Narvaez ERD7
- Larriva APAd1,2,3,4
- Gutierrez-Mariscal FM1,2,3,4
- Torres-Peña JD1,2,3,4
- Rodriguez-Cano D8
- Luque RM3,4,9
- Priego-Capote F3,5,9
- Lopez-Miranda J
1,2,3,4 - Camargo A1,2,3,4
- Affiliations
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- 1Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
- 2Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- 3Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- 4CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- 5Department of Analytical Chemistry and Nanochemistry University Institute, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- 6CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- 7Department of Clinical Nutrition and Diet Therapy, Clinics Hospital, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of Asuncion, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
- 8Clinical Analysis Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
- 9Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- KMID: 2563292
- DOI: http://doi.org/10.5534/wjmh.230366
Abstract
- Purpose
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is more prevalent in men than women, but the mechanisms responsible for this are not fully understood. We aimed to evaluate differences in trimethylamine (TMA), a microbial metabolite and its oxidized form, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), which is thought to promote atherosclerosis, between men and women with coronary heart disease (CHD), using as a reference a non-CVD population.
Materials and Methods
This study was carried out within the framework of the CORDIOPREV study (NCT00924937; June 19, 2009), a clinical trial which included 827 men and 175 women with CHD, with a non-CVD population of 375 individuals (270 men and 105 women) as a reference group. Plasma TMA and TMAO were measured by HPLC-MS/MS. The carotid study was ultrasonically assessed bilaterally by the quantification of intima-media thickness of both common carotid arteries (IMT-CC).
Results
We found higher TMAO levels and TMAO/TMA ratio in CHD men than CHD women (p=0.034 and p=0.026, respectively). No TMA sex differences were found in CHD patients. The TMA and TMAO levels and TMAO/TMA ratio were lower, and no differences between sexes were found in the non-CVD population. TMAO levels in CHD patients were consistent with higher IMT-CC and more carotid plaques (p=0.032 and p=0.037, respectively) and lower cholesterol efflux in CHD men than CHD women (p<0.001).
Conclusions
Our results suggest that CHD men have augmented TMAO levels compared with CHD women, presumably as a consequence of higher rate of TMA to TMAO oxidation, which could be associated with CVD, as these sex differences are not observed in a non-CVD population.
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