J Vet Sci.  2024 Sep;25(5):e59. 10.4142/jvs.24148.

Identification of a new bovine picornavirus (Boosepivirus) in the Republic of Korea

• Chae JB
• Shin SU
• Kim S
• Chae H
• Kim WG
• Chae JS
• Song H
• Kang JW

• KMID: 2560150
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4142/jvs.24148

Abstract

Importance
Despite advancements in herd management, feeding, and pharmaceutical interventions, neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD) remains a major global health concern. Bacteria, viruses, and parasites are the major contributors to NCD. Although several pathogens have been identified in the Republic of Korea (ROK), the etiological agents of numerous NCD cases have not been identified.
Objective
To identify, for the first time, the prevalence and impact of Boosepivirus (BooV) on calf diarrhea in the ROK.
Methods
Here, the unknown cause of calf diarrhea was determined using metagenomics We then explored the prevalence of certain pathogens, including BooV, that cause NCD. Seventy diarrheal fecal samples from Hanwoo (Bos taurus coreanae) calves were analyzed using reverse transcriptase and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction for pathogen detection and BooV isolate sequencing.
Results
The complete genome of BooV was detected from unknown causes of calf diarrhea. And also, BooV was the most frequently detected pathogen (35.7%) among 8 pathogens in 70 diarrheic feces from Hanwoo calves. Co-infection analyses indicated that most BooV-positive samples were solely infected with BooV, indicating its significance in NCD in the ROK. All isolates were classified as BooV B in phylogenetic analysis.
Conclusions and Relevance
This is the first study to determine the prevalence and molecular characteristics of BooV in calf diarrhea in the ROK, highlighting the potential importance of BooV as a causative agent of calf diarrhea and highlighting the need for further research on its epidemiology and pathogenicity.

Keyword

Boosepivirus; neonatal calf diarrhea; Hanwoo; infectious pathogen