Anat Cell Biol.  2024 Sep;57(3):378-383. 10.5115/acb.24.061.

Variability in the projection level of the vertebra prominens: a cadaveric study

• Totlis T
• Sammer A
• Piagkou M
• Natsis K
• Emfietzis PK
• Karageorgos F
• Tsakotos G
• Triantafyllou G
• Feigl G

• KMID: 2559752
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5115/acb.24.061

Abstract

The 7th cervical vertebra (C7) is described as having the most prominent spinous process (SP) and is characterized as the “vertebra prominens” (VP) of the cervical spine in anatomy textbooks. The VP is an important anatomical landmark of the neck for clinical examination and therapeutic intervention. The present study identifies the level of the most prominent SP of the cervical and uppermost thoracic vertebrae in a cadaveric cohort. Thirty-nine (23 female and 16 male) cadavers of a mean age of 77.5 years were investigated in a prone position and a certain cervical kyphotic bending. The most prominent SP, at the base of the neck, was palpated and marked with a wedging nail into the SP of the vertebra. The cervical region was dissected, and a blind investigator examined whether the nail was placed into the SP of C7 or the SP of another upper or lower vertebra. In 19 out of 39 cadavers (48.7%), the C7 was identified as the VP (typical anatomy), followed by the C6 (in 14 cadavers, 35.9%), C5 (in 4 cadavers, 10.3%). In 2 cadavers (5.1%) the first thoracic vertebra was identified as having the most prominent SP. Although C7 is described as the VP, in the present study the SP of C7 was the most prominent in less than 50%. The high variable projection level of the most prominent SP of the cervical vertebra holds great clinical significance for spine examination, neck surgery, and spinal anesthesia.

Keyword

Spine; Anatomy; Vertebra; Cadaver; Palpation

Figure

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  Fig. 1 The most prominent spinous process (vertebra prominens, VP) identified at the base of the cervical area in an embalmed donated cadaver, under the adequate position.

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  Fig. 2 Dissected area and the identification of the level of the most prominent spinous process at the base of the neck. In this case, the first thoracic vertebra (T1) spinous process appears as the most prominent one. Cn, nth cervical vertebra.

Reference

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