J Nutr Health.  2024 Aug;57(4):403-417. 10.4163/jnh.2024.57.4.403.

Protective effect of Evodiae Fructus extract in HCl/ethanol-induced gastritis mice

• Jeong IH
• Shin MR
• Kim MJ
• An HY
• Roh SS

• KMID: 2559312
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2024.57.4.403

Abstract

Purpose
This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of Evodiae Fructus (EF) on hydrochloric acid (HCl)/ethanol-induced gastritis, focusing on its impact on oxidative stress by analyzing inflammatory cytokines and inflammation-related factors. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were determined through in vitro experiments, while the radical scavenging activity was confirmed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assays.
Methods
In vivo experiments were conducted on rats divided into 5 groups (n = 7/in each group): normal group (Normal), 150 mM HCl/60% ethanol-induced gastritis group (Control), 150 mM HCl/60% ethanol-induced gastritis group administered 10 mg/kg sucralfate (SC), 150 mM HCl/60% ethanol-induced gastritis group administered EF at the doses of 100 mg/kg or 200 mg/kg (EF100 or EF200). The mice were pretreated with the extract (EF) or drug (SC), and after 1 hour, 150 mM HCl/60% ethanol (v/v) mixture was administered orally. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, peroxynitrite (ONOO − ), and pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1 beta were assessed in serum. Additionally, western blotting of the gastric tissues confirmed the expression of inflammation-related proteins.
Results
EF alleviated the gastric mucosal damage caused by 150 mM HCl/60% ethanol. The assessment of oxidative stress in the serum showed that EF significantly reduced ROS and ONOO − levels and significantly decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Western blot analysis revealed that EF reduced ROS-generating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase subunits, including gp91^phox , p22^phox , and p47^phox . Additionally, EF mitigated the inflammation by inhibiting the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway.
Conclusion
These results indicate that EF is a potential herbal medicine candidate for the treatment of oxidative stress-induced gastritis.

Keyword

Evodiae Fructus; gastritis; reactive oxygen species; NADPH oxidase