J Periodontal Implant Sci.
2021 Dec;51(6):409-421. 10.5051/jpis.2100180009.
Subgingival pathogens in chronic periodontitis patients affected by type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective case-control study
- Affiliations
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- 1Division of Periodontology and Implantology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, School of Dentistry, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- 2Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, School of Dentistry, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- 3Dentistry Service for Patients with Special Needs, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, School of Dentistry, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, ItalyDentistry Service for Patients with Special Needs, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, School of Dentistry, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italyv
- KMID: 2557519
- DOI: http://doi.org/10.5051/jpis.2100180009
Abstract
- Purpose
The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence and bacterial load of 6 main periodontal pathogens between pairs of periodontal patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans genotypes were also investigated.
Methods
Twenty patients affected by chronic periodontitis and type 2 diabetes were retrospectively selected and matched to 20 patients without diabetes on the basis of the degree and severity of periodontal disease. Microbiological data of subgingival biofilms were analysed and compared for the examined pathogens: A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Treponema denticola, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Tannerella forsythia.
Results
The pairs were balanced in terms of demographic and clinical parameters, except for bleeding on probing and suppuration. In the microbiological test sites (4 for each patient), the mean probing pocket depth was 6.34±1.63 mm in patients with diabetes and 6.41±1.78 mm in patients without diabetes. No significant difference between pairs in the prevalence of P. gingivalis or the distribution of its genotypes was recorded. Patients with diabetes had a significantly greater amount of total bacterial load, P. gingivalis, T. denticola, T. forsythia, and F. nucleatum (P<0.05). Moreover, patients with diabetes had a higher number of sites with a greater cell count than patients without diabetes. When compared to the total bacterial load, only T. forsythia maintained its relative load in patients with diabetes (P=0.001).
Conclusions
This retrospective matched study supports the hypothesis that microbiological differences exist among periodontal patients with and without diabetes mellitus. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03786133
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