J Korean Acad Oral Health.  2024 Jun;48(2):33-39. 10.11149/jkaoh.2024.48.2.33.

Usefulness of the odontogenic ameloblast-associated protein and quantitative analysis of periodontal disease-associated bacteria as biomarkers for evaluation of improvement in periodontal status following scaling intervention

• Park SJ
• Bae H

• KMID: 2556592
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.11149/jkaoh.2024.48.2.33

Abstract

Objectives
In this study, we investigated the validity and effectiveness of biomarkers and oral microbiome analysis for evaluation of periodontal status following scaling intervention.
Methods
The study included 15 participants who were selected based on inclusion/exclusion criteria. Periodontal indices, including the plaque index, probing depth, modified sulcus bleeding index, and calculus index were measured to evaluate clinical periodontal status and disease progression. Pre- and post-scaling gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was obtained from 12-20 sites per patient to measure changes in the odontogenic ameloblast-associated protein (ODAM) concentration using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Additionally, pre- and post-treatment salivary samples were obtained for quantitative analysis of oral microbiome distribution.
Results
All clinical parameters showed significant differences in pre- and post-scaling values and significant changes in the ODAM concentration in the GCF in patients with initial and moderate periodontitis. Quantitative analysis performed after scaling intervention revealed changes in eight oral disease-causing bacteria associated with periodontal disease, including Aggregatibacter, Porphyromonas, Tannerella, Treponema, Prevotella, and Fusobacterium. Specifically, Tannerella forsythia and Fusobacterium nucleatum (well-known major periodontal pathogens) numbers were significantly decreased following non-surgical periodontal therapy. However, no significant association was observed between changes in the salivary oral microbiota and ODAM concentration in the GCF, following treatment.
Conclusions
Based on the findings of this study, we propose the use of ODAM protein and quantitative analysis of periodontal disease-associated bacteria as objective and quantitative biomarkers for evaluation of improvement in periodontal disease following scaling intervention.

Keyword

Biomarkers; Dental scaling; Gingival crevicular fluid; ODAM protein; Periodontitis

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 The ODAM values (μg/μl) in GCF collected pre- and post-scaling (PD≤3 mm). The results showed that the mean levels of ODAM (1.84±2.03) in GCF after scaling intervention decreased compared to the mean levels of ODAM (4.44±2.80) in GCF before scaling intervention (P=0.0001). The bottom and top of the box are the 25th and 75th percentiles, the line inside the box is the 50th percentile (median), and any outliners are shown as open circles.

• 

  Fig. 2 The ODAM protein concentration (μg/μl) in GCF collected pre- and post-Scaling (PD≥4 mm). The results showed that the mean levels of ODAM (1.76±1.28) in GCF after scaling intervention decreased compared to the mean levels of ODAM (4.62±2.01) in GCF before scaling intervention (P=0.001). The bottom and top of the box are the 25th and 75th percentiles, the line inside the box is the 50th percentile (median), and any outliners are shown as open circles.

Reference

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