Chonnam Med J.
2024 Jan;60(1):69-77. 10.4068/cmj.2024.60.1.69.
Comparative Study on the Immunogenicity of COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines in Patients Receiving Adjuvant and Palliative Chemotherapy
- Affiliations
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- 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju,
- 2Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Carollo General Hospital, Suncheon,
- 3Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun,
- 4Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital Cheonan, Cheonan,
- 5Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong,
- 6Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon,
- 7Department of Urology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
- KMID: 2555962
- DOI: http://doi.org/10.4068/cmj.2024.60.1.69
Abstract
- This study was conducted to investigate potential differences in vaccine efficacy between patients undergoing palliative chemotherapy and receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. Additionally, the study proved the influence of vaccination timing on vaccine efficacy during active chemotherapy. Anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) IgG binding antibody assays and surrogate neutralizing antibody assays were performed after BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 vaccination in 45 solid cancer patients (23 adjuvant and 22 palliative chemotherapy) and in 24 healthy controls before vaccination (baseline), at every two to four weeks after the first (post-dose 1) and the second vaccination (post-dose 2). The levels of anti-RBD IgG and neutralizing antibodies increased significantly from baseline through post-dose 1 to post-dose 2 in all three groups. At the post-dose 1, the anti-RBD IgG and neutralizing antibody levels were significantly lower in cancer patients than in healthy controls. However, by post-dose 2, the seropositivity of anti-RBD IgG and neutralizing antibodies uniformly reached 100% across all groups, with no significant disparity in antibody levels among the three groups. Moreover, the antibody titers were not significantly different between patients with a vaccine and chemotherapy interval of more than 14 days or those with less than 14 days. This study demonstrated that after second doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, humoral immune responses in patients receiving chemotherapy were comparable to those of healthy controls, regardless of whether the purpose of the anti-cancer treatment was palliative or adjuvant. Furthermore, the timing of vaccination did not affect the level of humoral immunity after the second vaccination.
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