Urogenit Tract Infect.  2024 Apr;19(1):3-9. 10.14777/uti.2024.19.1.3.

Does Music Have a Calming Effect on Pain and Anxiety in Patients Undergoing Cystoscopy?

• Joo YC
• Yu JE
• Baik JH
• Chang YS
• Kim JB
• Kim HJ
• Koh DH
• Kim HW

• KMID: 2555818
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.14777/uti.2024.19.1.3

Abstract

Purpose
Cystoscopy is a diagnostic test performed frequently in urology outpatient clinics. Despite the large number of inspections, the associated pain, discomfort, or anxiety can markedly affect patient compliance and adherence to subsequent surveillance protocols. This study conducted a prospective, randomized study to investigate the potential efficacy of music and pyuria on pain or anxiety during outpatient cystoscopy.
Materials and Methods
In this single-institution, randomized study, the participants were assigned to a music-intervention or non-music control group. The music-intervention group underwent an identical procedure with the addition of Johann Sebastian Bach’s “Air on the G String” from Suite No. 3 in D major, BWV 1068. Urinalysis was performed to determine if pyuria affects pain during the procedure.
Results
The patient-reported outcomes, encompassing the changes in the STAI-X-1 (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-X-1) scores, subjective levels of discomfort, embarrassment, satisfaction, and pain, were similar in the two groups. In contrast, the surgeons reported statistically significant differences in their evaluations of the same items as patient-reported outcomes of the two groups. The patient-reported pain showed no significant differences between the pyuria-negative group (0-2 and 3-5 WBC/HPF) and pyuria-positive group (>5 WBC/HPF).
Conclusions
The data from this study do not support the hypothesis that musical intervention during cystoscopy alleviates pain or anxiety to any significant extent. In addition, pyuria did not affect the patient’s reported pain. Nevertheless, a notable impact was observed in the surgeons’ assessments, suggesting that the musical accompaniment may alter the surgeons’ perception of patient pain and anxiety levels throughout the procedure.

Keyword

Cystoscopy; Music; Anxiety; Pain; Pyuria