Urogenit Tract Infect.  2023 Dec;18(3):82-92. 10.14777/uti.2023.18.3.82.

Impact of Microbial Infection on Sperm Parameters of Seminal Bacteria in Asymptomatic Subfertile Males

• Chang SB
• Kim TJ
• Kim TH
• Lee SR
• Hong YK
• Park DS
• Cho SM
• Lee DH
• Yu YD

• KMID: 2550592
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.14777/uti.2023.18.3.82

Abstract

Purpose
This study examined the effects of asymptomatic bacteriospermia on the semen quality of subfertile males. The types of bacteria and their antibiotic susceptibility were also analyzed.
Materials and Methods
Semen was collected and analyzed from 510 subfertile males. One hundred and seventy-nine males showed bacteriospermia, while 331 males did not. The bacterial species, sperm parameters, hormone levels, underlying disease, and lifestyle patterns were compared between the two study groups.
Results
The bacteriospermic males showed significantly higher rates of leukocytospermia (p=0.001) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragmentation than the non-bacteriospermic males. Sperm motility was significantly lower in the bacteriospermic males than in non-bacteriospermic males. The most common seminal bacterial species were Prevotella bivia (P. bivia, 41.3%) and Ureaplasma urealyticum (U. urealyticum, 13.4%). U. parvum showed the highest recurrence rates (31.8%) three months after the initial antibiotic treatment. Regarding the sperm parameters of bacteriospermic males, the sperm concentration, total motility, progressive motility, leukocytospermia, and DNA fragmentation were improved significantly after the initial antibiotics treatment. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed P. bivia, U. urealyticum, and U. parvum to be associated with the decreased motility and increased DNA fragmentation of spermatozoa. P. bivia was also associated with a decreased sperm concentration (p=0.002) and vitality (p=0.013).
Conclusions
Bacteriospermia decreased the sperm concentration, motility, normal morphology, and vitality. P. bivia is the most commonly observed bacteria in subfertile males. Appropriate antibiotic therapy of seminal bacteria species had a strong positive impact on improving the semen parameters.

Keyword

Semen; Infection; Male infertility; Anti-bacterial agents