Restor Dent Endod.  2023 Aug;48(3):e29. 10.5395/rde.2023.48.e29.

Effect of cryotherapy duration on experimentally induced connective tissue inflammation in vivo

• Vera J
• Castro-Nuñez MA
• Troncoso-Cibrian MF
• Carrillo-Varguez AG
• Méndez Sánchez ER
• Sarmiento V
• Lanzagorta-Rebollo L
• Neelakantan P
• Romero M
• Arias A

• KMID: 2548232
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2023.48.e29

Abstract

Objectives
This study tested the hypothesis that cryotherapy duration influences lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in a rat model.
Materials and Methods
Six Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus) were used. Five sites were selected per animal and divided into 5 groups: a negative control group (NC), 2 positive control groups (PC1 and PC2), and 2 experimental groups (E1 and E2). Cryotherapy was applied for 1 minute (E1) or 5 minutes (E2). An acute inflammatory response was induced in the PC and E groups via subcutaneous administration of 0.5 mL/kg. In the PC2 group, a catheter was inserted without additional treatment. For the E1 and E2 groups, 2.5°C saline solution was administered through the implanted catheters for 1 and 5 minutes, respectively. The rats were sacrificed, and samples were obtained and processed for histological analysis, specifically examining the presence of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and hemorrhage. The χ 2 test was used to compare the presence of acute inflammation across groups. Dependent variables were compared using the linear-by-linear association test.
Results
Inflammation and hemorrhage varied significantly among the groups (p = 0.001). A significantly higher degree of acute inflammation was detected (p = 0.0002) in the PC and E1 samples than in the E2 group, in which cryotherapy was administered for 5 minutes. The PC and E1 groups also exhibited significantly greater numbers of neutrophils (p = 0.007), which were essentially absent in both the NC and E2 groups.
Conclusions
Cryotherapy administration for 5 minutes reduced the acute inflammation associated with LPS and catheter implantation.

Keyword

Cryotherapy; Inflammation; Postoperative pain; Endodontics

Figure

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  Figure 1 The 5 sites of the rats and their allocation to positive control (PC1 and PC2) and experimental groups (E1 and E2).NC, negative control group.

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  Figure 2 (A) Negative control showing the absence of inflammation. (B) Positive control showing the presence of hemorrhage and inflammation. (C) Presence of inflammation and abundant hemorrhage.

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  Figure 3 (A, B) Negative control showing the presence of fibroblasts and a few neutrophils. (C) Presence of a few neutrophils in an experimental group 2 (E2) sample. (D) Absence of inflammation or hemorrhage in an E2 sample.

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