J Nutr Health.  2023 Aug;56(4):404-418. 10.4163/jnh.2023.56.4.404.

Analysis of intake trends of kimchi, fruits and vegetables (1998–2020) and factors associated with the intake (2016–2020): based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

• Jeong J
• Park J
• Lee YK
• Hong SW
• Shin S

• KMID: 2545869
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2023.56.4.404

Abstract

Purpose
This study aimed to analyze the trends in kimchi, vegetable, and fruit consumption among the Korean population and identify the factors associated with this consumption. The goal was to provide fundamental data for developing appropriate guidelines to increase kimchi consumption by understanding its characteristics.
Methods
The analysis utilized data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) conducted between 1998 and 2020. A total of 81,680 adults, aged 30 years or older, were included in the trend analysis. For the analysis of factors associated with kimchi, vegetable, and fruit intake, a subgroup of 22,122 adults aged 30 years or older from the KNHANES (2016-2020) was divided into two groups: 30–64 years old and 65 years old or older. Since the KNHANES data employed a complex sampling design, the statistical analysis was conducted using the appropriate complex sampling design method.
Results
The overall consumption of kimchi exhibited a declining trend among both men and women. Specifically, there was a significant decline in the intake of baechu kimchi among both genders. The decline in kimchi consumption above the standard was associated with a decrease in meal frequency and an increase in the frequency of eating alone. However, the patterns for unsalted vegetables and fruits differed compared to kimchi.
Conclusion
In this study, there was a decline in kimchi consumption among both men and women, and the potential factors associated with this trend included Westernized dietary habits, the presence of a spouse who influenced dietary habits, and an increased frequency of solitary dining due to the rise in single-person households. Therefore, it is necessary to develop dietary guidelines that consider these factors.

Keyword

trend; vegetables; socioeconomic; adults