Clin Mol Hepatol.
2023 Apr;29(2):433-452. 10.3350/cmh.2022.0316.
Global burden of primary liver cancer and its association with underlying aetiologies, sociodemographic status, and sex differences from 1990–2019: A DALY-based analysis of the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study
- Choi S1
- Kim BK2,3,4
- Yon DK5
- Lee SW6
- Lee HG1
- Chang HH1
- Park S1
- Koyanagi A7,8
- Jacob L7,9
- Dragioti E10
- Radua J11,12,13
- Shin JI
14 - Kim SU2,3,4
- Smith L15
- Affiliations
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- 1Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- 2Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- 3Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- 4Yonsei Liver Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
- 5Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- 6Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- 7Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, Barcelona, Spain
- 8Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain
- 9Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Lariboisière-Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris Cité, Paris, France
- 10Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden
- 11Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain;
- 12Centre for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- 13Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- 14Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- 15Centre for Health, Performance, and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
- KMID: 2541434
- DOI: http://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2022.0316
Abstract
- Background/Aims
Global distribution of dominant liver cancer aetiologies has significantly changed over the past decades. This study analyzed the updated temporal trends of liver cancer aetiologies and sociodemographic status in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019.
Methods
The Global Burden of Disease 2019 report was used for statistical analysis. In addition, we performed stratification analysis to five quintiles using sociodemographic index and 21 geographic regions.
Results
The crude numbers of liver cancer disease-adjusted life years (DALYs) and deaths significantly increased during the study period (DALYs; 11,278,630 in 1990 and 12,528,422 in 2019, deaths; 365,215 in 1990 and 484,577 in 2019). However, the Age-standardized DALY and mortality rates decreased. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains the leading cause of liver cancer DALYs and mortality, followed by hepatitis C virus (HCV), alcohol consumption, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis/non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NASH/NAFLD). Although Age-standardized DALY and mortality rates of liver cancer due to HBV and HCV have decreased, the rates due to alcohol consumption and NASH/NAFLD have increased. In 2019, the population of the East Asia region had the highest Age-standardized DALY and mortality rates, followed by high-income Asia-Pacific and Central Asia populations. Although East Asia and high-income Asia-Pacific regions showed a decrease during the study period, Age-standardized DALY rates increased in Central Asia. High-income North American and Australasian populations also showed a significant increase in Age-standardized DALY.
Conclusions
Liver cancer remains an ongoing global threat. The burden of liver cancer associated with alcohol consumption and NASH/NAFLD is markedly increasing and projected to continuously increase.
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