Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg.  2023 Mar;66(3):170-174. 10.3342/kjorl-hns.2022.00325.

Subjective Gustatory Dysfunction Is Correlated With Subjective Olfactory Dysfunction in Geriatric Patients Regardless of Cognitive Function

• Min HJ
• Kim SH
• Park SY
• Choi JH
• Kim SM
• Han DH
• Kim KS

• KMID: 2540683
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3342/kjorl-hns.2022.00325

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Fewer studies are available on geriatric patients’ gustatory dysfunction than on their olfactory dysfunction. Here we aimed to evaluate the relationship between subjective gustatory dysfunction and subjective or objective olfactory dysfunction according to cognitive function in geriatric patients.
Subjects and Method
We prospectively enrolled patients who underwent both cognitive function test and olfactory function test between August 2018 and May 2019. The correlation between subjective gustatory dysfunction and subjective olfactory dysfunction or conventional olfactory function scores was evaluated for geriatric patients with or withhout cognitive dysfunction. Participants with a threshold-discrimination-identification (TDI) score (<21) on the YSK olfactory function test were diagnosed with olfactory dysfunction. Subjective gustatory function and olfactory function were evaluated using the visual analog scale. The Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Packet and Mini-Mental State Examination were administered to all participants. Overall, 120 patients (27 male, 93 female; mean age, 73.00±7.50 years) were enrolled.
Results
We found that the subjective gustatory function score did not correlate with the threshold, discrimination, identification, or the summation of TDI scores of the olfactory function test but was significantly associated with the subjective olfactory function score (p<0.001). Further, there was no significant correlation between the subjective gustatory function score and cognitive function.
Conclusion
The subjective olfactory function score was the only factor significantly correlated with the subjective gustatory function score. Based on these results, we suggest evaluating gustatory function in geriatric patients with olfactory dysfunction.

Keyword

Alzheimer’s disease; Geriatric patients; Gustatory dysfunction; Neurocognitive disorders; Olfactory impairment