1. Turk DC, Okifuji A. Loeser JD, editor. 2001. Pain terms and taxonomies of pain. Bonica's management of pain. 3rd ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins;Philadelphia: p. 17–25.
2. Cohen SP, Raja SN. Goldman L, Schafer AI, editors. 2015. Pain. Goldman-Cecil medicine. 25th ed. Elsevier/Saunders;Philadelphia: p. 133–43. DOI:
10.1016/b978-1-4377-1604-7.00029-4.
3. Breivik H, Collett B, Ventafridda V, Cohen R, Gallacher D. 2006; Survey of chronic pain in Europe: prevalence, impact on daily life, and treatment. Eur J Pain. 10:287–333. DOI:
10.1016/j.ejpain.2005.06.009. PMID:
16095934.
4. Dahlhamer J, Lucas J, Zelaya C, Nahin R, Mackey S, DeBar L, et al. 2018; Prevalence of chronic pain and high-impact chronic pain among adults - United States, 2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 67:1001–6. DOI:
10.15585/mmwr.mm6736a2. PMID:
30212442. PMCID:
PMC6146950.
6. Fayaz A, Croft P, Langford RM, Donaldson LJ, Jones GT. 2016; Prevalence of chronic pain in the UK: a systematic review and meta-analysis of population studies. BMJ Open. 6:e010364. DOI:
10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010364. PMID:
27324708. PMCID:
PMC4932255.
7. Bartley EJ, Fillingim RB. 2013; Sex differences in pain: a brief review of clinical and experimental findings. Br J Anaesth. 111:52–8. DOI:
10.1093/bja/aet127. PMID:
23794645. PMCID:
PMC3690315.
8. Janevic MR, McLaughlin SJ, Heapy AA, Thacker C, Piette JD. 2017; Racial and socioeconomic disparities in disabling chronic pain: findings from the health and retirement study. J Pain. 18:1459–67. DOI:
10.1016/j.jpain.2017.07.005. PMID:
28760648. PMCID:
PMC5682226.
9. Gatchel RJ, Reuben DB, Dagenais S, Turk DC, Chou R, Hershey AD, et al. 2018; Research agenda for the prevention of pain and its impact: report of the work group on the Prevention of Acute and Chronic Pain of the Federal Pain Research Strategy. J Pain. 19:837–51. DOI:
10.1016/j.jpain.2018.02.015. PMID:
29578089.
11. Von Korff M, DeBar LL, Krebs EE, Kerns RD, Deyo RA, Keefe FJ. 2020; Graded chronic pain scale revised: mild, bothersome, and high-impact chronic pain. Pain. 161:651–61. DOI:
10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001758. PMID:
31764390. PMCID:
PMC7097879.
12. Şentürk İA, Aşkın Turan S, Şentürk E, İçen NK. 2022; Validation, reliability, and cross-cultural adaptation study of Graded Chronic Pain Scale Revised into Turkish in patients with primary low back pain. Pain Pract. 22:306–21. DOI:
10.1111/papr.13070. PMID:
34463039.
13. Sullivan MJL, Bishop SR, Pivik J. 1995; The Pain Catastrophizing Scale: development and validation. Psychol Assess. 7:524–32. DOI:
10.1037/1040-3590.7.4.524.
14. McCracken LM, Dhingra L. 2002; A short version of the Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale (PASS-20): preliminary development and validity. Pain Res Manag. 7:45–50. DOI:
10.1155/2002/517163. PMID:
16231066.
15. Edwards LC, Pearce SA, Turner-Stokes L, Jones A. 1992; The Pain Beliefs Questionnaire: an investigation of beliefs in the causes and consequences of pain. Pain. 51:267–72. DOI:
10.1016/0304-3959(92)90209-T. PMID:
1491853.
16. Anagnostis C, Gatchel RJ, Mayer TG. 2004; The pain disability questionnaire: a new psychometrically sound measure for chronic musculoskeletal disorders. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 29:2290–302. DOI:
10.1097/01.brs.0000142221.88111.0f. PMID:
15480144.
17. Kosinski M, Bayliss MS, Bjorner JB, Ware JE Jr, Garber WH, Batenhorst A, et al. 2003; A six-item short-form survey for measuring headache impact: the HIT-6. Qual Life Res. 12:963–74. DOI:
10.1023/A:1026119331193. PMID:
14651415.
19. Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF 3rd, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. 1989; The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res. 28:193–213. DOI:
10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4. PMID:
2748771.
21. Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS). 2013; The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (beta version). Cephalalgia. 33:629–808. DOI:
10.1177/0333102413485658. PMID:
23771276.
22. American Psychiatric Association. 2013. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5 (R)). 5th ed. Arlington;American Psychiatric Association Publishing: DOI:
10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.
24. Gatchel RJ, Peng YB, Peters ML, Fuchs PN, Turk DC. 2007; The biopsychosocial approach to chronic pain: scientific advances and future directions. Psychol Bull. 133:581–624. DOI:
10.1037/0033-2909.133.4.581. PMID:
17592957.
25. Von Korff M, Scher AI, Helmick C, Carter-Pokras O, Dodick DW, Goulet J, et al. 2016; United States national pain strategy for population research: concepts, definitions, and pilot data. J Pain. 17:1068–80. DOI:
10.1016/j.jpain.2016.06.009. PMID:
27377620.
26. Patel KV, Guralnik JM, Dansie EJ, Turk DC. 2013; Prevalence and impact of pain among older adults in the United States: findings from the 2011 National Health and Aging Trends Study. Pain. 154:2649–57. DOI:
10.1016/j.pain.2013.07.029. PMID:
24287107. PMCID:
PMC3843850.
27. Zelaya CE, Dahlhamer JM, Lucas JW, Connor EM. 2020; Chronic pain and high-impact chronic pain among U.S. adults, 2019. NCHS Data Brief. (390):1–8. PMID:
33151145.
28. Greenspan JD, Craft RM, LeResche L, Arendt-Nielsen L, Berkley KJ, Fillingim RB, et al. 2007; Studying sex and gender differences in pain and analgesia: a consensus report. Pain. 132 Suppl 1:S26–45. DOI:
10.1016/j.pain.2007.10.014. PMID:
17964077. PMCID:
PMC2823483.
29. Persson E, Lexell J, Rivano-Fischer M, Eklund M. 2013; Everyday occupational problems perceived by participants in a pain rehabilitation programme. Scand J Occup Ther. 20:306–14. DOI:
10.3109/11038128.2013.793739. PMID:
23621672.
31. Almalki MT, BinBaz SS, Alamri SS, Alghamdi HH, El-Kabbani AO, Al Mulhem AA, et al. 2019; Prevalence of chronic pain and high-impact chronic pain in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J. 40:1256–66. DOI:
10.15537/smj.2019.12.24690. PMID:
31828278. PMCID:
PMC6969620.
33. Majedi H, Amini MH, Yousefshahi F, Khazaeipour Z, Majedi M, Rahimi M, et al. 2020; Predicting factors of pain duration in patients with chronic pain: a large population-based study. Anesth Pain Med. 10:e95776. DOI:
10.5812/aapm.95776. PMID:
32337167. PMCID:
PMC7158237.
35. Mehta SP, MacDermid JC, Richardson J, MacIntyre NJ, Grewal R. 2015; Baseline pain intensity is a predictor of chronic pain in individuals with distal radius fracture. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 45:119–27. DOI:
10.2519/jospt.2015.5129. PMID:
25573007.
36. Mallen CD, Peat G, Thomas E, Dunn KM, Croft PR. 2007; Prognostic factors for musculoskeletal pain in primary care: a systematic review. Br J Gen Pract. 57:655–61. DOI:
10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012901. PMID:
17688762. PMCID:
PMC2099673.
38. Kjøgx H, Zachariae R, Pfeiffer-Jensen M, Kasch H, Svensson P, Jensen TS, et al. 2014; Pain frequency moderates the relationship between pain catastrophizing and pain. Front Psychol. 5:1421. DOI:
10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01421. PMID:
25646089. PMCID:
PMC4297917.
39. Elliott AM, Smith BH, Penny KI, Smith WC, Chambers WA. 1999; The epidemiology of chronic pain in the community. Lancet. 354:1248–52. DOI:
10.1016/S0140-6736(99)03057-3. PMID:
10520633.
40. Herman PM, Broten N, Lavelle TA, Sorbero ME, Coulter ID. 2019; Exploring the prevalence and construct validity of high-impact chronic pain across chronic low-back pain study samples. Spine J. 19:1369–77. DOI:
10.1016/j.spinee.2019.03.005. PMID:
30885677. PMCID:
PMC6760858.
41. Meints SM, Edwards RR. 2018; Evaluating psychosocial contributions to chronic pain outcomes. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 87(Pt B):168–82. DOI:
10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.01.017. PMID:
29408484. PMCID:
PMC6067990.
42. Mills SEE, Nicolson KP, Smith BH. 2019; Chronic pain: a review of its epidemiology and associated factors in population-based studies. Br J Anaesth. 123:e273–83. DOI:
10.1016/j.bja.2019.03.023. PMID:
31079836. PMCID:
PMC6676152.
43. Turk DC, Wilson HD. 2010; Fear of pain as a prognostic factor in chronic pain: conceptual models, assessment, and treatment implications. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 14:88–95. DOI:
10.1007/s11916-010-0094-x. PMID:
20425197. PMCID:
PMC2872063.
44. Martinez-Calderon J, Flores-Cortes M, Morales-Asencio JM, Luque-Suarez A. 2019; Pain-related fear, pain intensity and function in individuals with chronic musculoskeletal pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pain. 20:1394–415. DOI:
10.1016/j.jpain.2019.04.009. PMID:
31063874.
45. Craner JR, Gilliam WP, Sperry JA. 2016; Rumination, magnification, and helplessness: how do different aspects of pain catastrophizing relate to pain severity and functioning? Clin J Pain. 32:1028–35. DOI:
10.1097/AJP.0000000000000355. PMID:
26783987.
46. Zweig MH, Campbell G. 1993; Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) plots: a fundamental evaluation tool in clinical medicine. Clin Chem. 39:561–77. Erratum in: Clin Chem 1993; 39: 1589. DOI:
10.1093/clinchem/39.4.561. PMID:
8472349.
47. Boonstra AM, Stewart RE, Köke AJ, Oosterwijk RF, Swaan JL, Schreurs KM, et al. 2016; Cut-off points for mild, moderate, and severe pain on the Numeric Rating Scale for pain in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain: variability and influence of sex and catastrophizing. Front Psychol. 7:1466. DOI:
10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01466. PMID:
27746750. PMCID:
PMC5043012.
48. Boonstra AM, Schiphorst Preuper HR, Balk GA, Stewart RE. 2014; Cut-off points for mild, moderate, and severe pain on the visual analogue scale for pain in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Pain. 155:2545–50. DOI:
10.1016/j.pain.2014.09.014. PMID:
25239073.
49. Zelman DC, Hoffman DL, Seifeldin R, Dukes EM. 2003; Development of a metric for a day of manageable pain control: derivation of pain severity cut-points for low back pain and osteoarthritis. Pain. 106:35–42. DOI:
10.1016/S0304-3959(03)00274-4. PMID:
14581108.