World J Mens Health.
2022 Oct;40(4):627-635. 10.5534/wjmh.210210.
Role of Cytocentrifugation Combined with Nuclear Fast Picroindigocarmine Staining in Detecting Cryptozoospermia in Men Diagnosed with Azoospermia
- Sharma RK1
- Gupta S1
- Agarwal A
1 - Finelli R1
- Kuroda S1
- Saleh R2
- Boitrelle F3,4
- Kavoussi P5
- Gül M6
- Tadros N7
- Ko E8
- Farkouh A1
- Henkel R1,9,10,11
- Arafa M1,12,13
- Rambhatla A14
- Shah R15
- Affiliations
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- 1American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- 2Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
- 3Reproductive Biology, Fertility Preservation, Andrology, CECOS, Poissy Hospital, Poissy, France
- 4Department of Biology, Reproduction, Epigenetics, Environment and Development, Paris Saclay University, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Jouy-enJosas, France
- 5Austin Fertility and Reproductive Medicine/Westlake IVF, Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- 6Department of Urology, Selcuk University School of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
- 7Division of Urology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
- 8Department of Urology, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- 9LogixX Pharma Ltd., Theale, Berkshire, UK
- 10Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- 11Department of Medical Bioscience, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
- 12Department of Urology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- 13Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- 14Department of Urology, Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
- 15Division of Andrology, Department of Urology, Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- KMID: 2537111
- DOI: http://doi.org/10.5534/wjmh.210210
Abstract
- Purpose
Azoospermia is defined as the absence of spermatozoa in the pellet of a centrifuged semen sample. In fact, when a basic semen analysis fails to detect sperm in the ejaculate, there is still the possibility of detecting rare sperm after centrifugation of the sample and examination of the pellet. In this study, we assessed the role of Cytospin centrifugation in combination with the nuclear fast picroindigocarmine (NF-PIC) staining in identifying sperm in azoospermic samples.
Materials and Methods
Semen samples of 251 men diagnosed as having azoospermia after standard examination were further analyzed by Cytospin centrifugation in combination with NF-PIC staining.
Results
Sperm were detected in 60 men (23.9%), thus changing their diagnosis to cryptozoospermia.
Conclusions
By identifying sperm in the semen of men who were thought to have total azoospermia, the Cytospin NF-PIC test can alter the diagnosis and further treatment of these men.
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