Nutr Res Pract.  2022 Dec;16(6):775-788. 10.4162/nrp.2022.16.6.775.

Vitamin D intake and bone mineral density in Korean adults: analysis of the 2009–2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

• You H
• Shin HR
• Song S
• Ly SY

• KMID: 2536511
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2022.16.6.775

Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES
The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Koreans is quite high; however, until recently, Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey (KNHANES) had not analyzed the vitamin D intake among Koreans. Additionally, the Korean Dietary Reference Intake for vitamin D was established based on insufficient evidence. Therefore, we investigated vitamin D intake and its relationship with bone mineral density (BMD) in Korean adults using the combined data from the 2009–2011 KNHANES.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This study was conducted in 11,949 healthy adults. Vitamin D intake was assessed using a 24-h recall method, and the BMD was measured using dualenergy X-ray absorptiometry.
RESULTS
The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (< 20 ng/mL) was 64% in men and 77% in women. In women aged ≥ 50 yrs and men aged < 50 yrs, there was a significant positive correlation between vitamin D intake and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level after sun exposure adjustment. The BMD of postmenopausal women aged ≥ 50 yrs with a vitamin D intake of 5 µg/day or more was significantly higher than that of women with intake less than 5 µg/day. After adjusting for age, energy, and calcium intake, the vitamin D intake of the osteoporotic group was significantly lower than that of the osteopenia group in women.
CONCLUSIONS
Since the relationship between vitamin D intake and BMD was observed in women aged ≥ 50 yrs, further research is needed to clarify these findings using cohort or randomized controlled trials.

Keyword

Vitamin D; bone; osteoporosis

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Flowchart of participant inclusion and exclusion in the KNHANES 2009–2011.KNHANES, Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; BMD, bone mineral density; BMI, body mass index.

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