J Korean Med Sci.  2022 Aug;37(33):e257. 10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e257.

Health Effects Associated With Humidifier Disinfectant Use: A Systematic Review for Exploration

• Song JH
• Ahn J
• Park MY
• Park J
• Lee YM
• Myong JP
• Koo JW
• Lee J

• KMID: 2532632
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e257

Abstract

Background
It has been 10 years since the outbreak of lung disease caused by humidifier disinfectants in Korea, but the health effects have not yet been summarized. Therefore, this study aims to systematically examine the health effects of humidifier disinfectants that have been discovered so far.
Methods
All literature with humidifier disinfectants and their representative components as the main words were collected based on the web, including PubMed, Research Information Sharing Service, and government publication reports. A total of 902 studies were searched, of which 196 were selected. They were divided into four groups: published human studies (group 1), published animal and cytotoxicology studies (group 2), technical reports (group 3), and gray literature (group 4).
Results
Out of the 196 studies, 97 (49.5%) were published in peer-reviewed journals as original research. Group 1 consisted of 49 articles (50.5%), while group 2 consisted of 48 articles (49.5%). Overall, respiratory diseases such as humidifier disinfectant associated lung injury, interstitial lung disease, and asthma have a clear correlation, but other effects such as liver, heart, thymus, thyroid, fetal growth, metabolic abnormalities, and eyes are observed in toxicological experimental studies, but have not yet been identified in epidemiologic studies.
Conclusion
The current level of evidence does not completely rule out the effects of humidifier disinfectants on extrapulmonary disease. Based on the toxicological evidence so far, it is required to monitor the population of humidifier disinfectant exposure continuously to see if similar damage occurs.

Keyword

Humidifier Disinfectant; PHMG; PGH; CMIT/MIT; Systematic Review; Asthma

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Prisma flow chart for the systematic review of humidifier disinfectant.RISS = Research Information Sharing Service.

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