Environ Anal Health Toxicol.  2023 Mar;38(1):e2023002. 10.5620/eaht.2023002.

Toxic hepatitis after exposure to humidifier disinfectant: A case series report

• Kim HD
• Kim HC
• Leem JH

• KMID: 2541673
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5620/eaht.2023002

Abstract

Health damage from humidifier disinfectants is an unprecedented environmental health disaster. Humidifier disinfectants were used broadly in Korea from 1994 to 2011. Most studies have focused on respiratory problems because of the exposure route and primary respiratory symptoms. This overlooks the previous research results that humidifier disinfectants could move to extrapulmonary organs and induce toxic effects. Thus, the objective of this study was to examine toxic hepatitis cases developed after inhaling humidifier disinfectant. We focused on the indications of toxic hepatitis in two pediatric cases and one female adult case. All patients were exposed to humidifier disinfectants in a residential space. These disinfectants all contained polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG). Rapid increases in blood hepatic enzyme levels were seen. Two patients were discharged after treatment. Death occurred in one patient who was diagnosed with fulminant hepatitis of unknown cause. This human case series study supports prior knowledge that hepatotoxicity can occur by inhaling humidifier disinfectant.

Keyword

Toxic hepatitis; Humidifier disinfectant; PHMG; Mitochondrial dysfunction