Blood Res.  2022 Jun;57(2):152-157. 10.5045/br.2022.2022047.

Favorable outcomes with durable chimerism after hematopoietic cell transplantation using busulfan and fludarabine-based reduced-intensity conditioning for pediatric patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
  • 2Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children’s Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

Abstract

Background
The incorporation of a reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) regimen in hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) has decreased early mortality but is associated with a high rate of mixed chimerism and graft failure. Here, we present a successful single-center experience using busulfan and a fludarabine-based RIC regimen for the treatment of HLH.
Methods
The medical records of pediatric patients with HLH who underwent HCT using a busulfan/fludarabine-based RIC regimen between January 2008 and December 2017 were reviewed retrospectively.
Results
Nine patients received HCT with a busulfan/fludarabine-based RIC regimen. Three patients had primary HLH, and the other six patients had secondary HLH with multiple reactivations. All three patients with primary HLH had UNC13D mutations. All patients achieved neutrophil and platelet engraftment at a median of 11 days (range, 10‒21) and 19 days (range, 13‒32), and all eight evaluable patients had sustained complete donor chimerism at the last follow-up. Two patients (22%) experienced grade 2 acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Two patients (22%) developed chronic GVHD, and one died from chronic GVHD. One patient (11%) experienced reactivation 4 months after HCT from a syngeneic donor and died of the disease. The 8-year overall survival and event-free survival rates were 78%. No early treatment-related mortality within 100 days after HCT was observed.
Conclusion
Our experience suggests that a busulfan/fludarabine-based RIC regimen is a viable option for pediatric patients with HLH who require HCT.

Keyword

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; Pediatric; Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis

Reference

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