J Vet Sci.  2022 Mar;23(2):e18. 10.4142/jvs.21202.

First molecular detection of canine herpesvirus 1 (CaHV-1) in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon

• Castro MdS
• David MBM
• Gonçalves EC
• Siqueira AS
• Virgulino RR
• Aguiar DCF

• KMID: 2527884
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4142/jvs.21202

Abstract

Background
Canine herpesvirus type 1 (CaHV-1) infects dogs and is associated with neonatal deaths and reproductive, ocular, neurological, and respiratory problems. In Brazil, reports of CaHV-1 have been restricted to the southeast and south regions, particularly in municipalities in the state of Rio Grande do Sul.
Objectives
To assess the presence and variability of CaHV-1 in canine populations in the state of Pará, North Brazil.
Methods
Biological samples from 159 dogs from 4 municipalities in the State of Pará were evaluated using polymerase chain reaction and phylogenetic analyses, with the target being the viral enzyme, thymidine kinase.
Results
CaHV-1 was detected in 13 dogs (8.2%), with 2 animals being from the municipality of Santa Bárbara do Pará, 8 from Algodoal Island, 2 from Salinópolis, and one from Capanema. The study sequences revealed 100% identity among themselves and 64% to 100% identity with the other nucleotide sequences from Australia, Brazil, United Kingdom, and United States, including 100% identity with the 2002 isolate from Australia. The 1996 isolate from France was grouped in a branch that was different from the sequence of this study.
Conclusions
This study presents the first molecular detection of CaHV-1 in dogs from the Amazon region in northern Brazil. The nucleotide identity between the strains and cytosine insertion in the sequences isolated in this study suggests at least 2 strains of CaHV-1 circulating in Brazil (Pará and BTU-1).

Keyword

Canine herpesvirus; molecular diagnosis; epidemiology; the Amazon