J Korean Acad Nurs Adm.  2021 Jun;27(3):204-214. 10.11111/jkana.2021.27.3.204.

Types of Role Perception of Preceptors for New Nurses: A Q Methodology Approach

• Kim S
• Lee B

• KMID: 2525927
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2021.27.3.204

Abstract

Purpose
This study aimed to identify the types of role perception of preceptors for new nurses.
Methods
For this study the Q methodology was applied in which 36 Q samples were selected out of 210 Q population extracted from literatures and in-depth clinical interviews with preceptors, new nurses and nursing managers. P samples consisted of 30 nurses having experience as preceptors for new nurses. The Q samples were classified into a normal distribution frame measured with a nine-point scale. Data were analyzed using PQ Method program.
Results
Four types of role perception were identified: (1) cleaning up regarding work, (2) guardians of clinical adaption, (3) on-the job educator, and (4) role model as a nurse. The ‘cleaning up regarding work’ type was most frequently used by the participants.
Conclusion
The results showed that the preceptors felt strong responsibility in helping their preceptees to adapt successfully to a new job. The preception was reflected in four types of role perception. The negative role preception results in a great burden to preceptors. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a support system for preceptors to reduce negative role perception through the connection of preceptees appropriate to the role perception type of preceptors.

Keyword

Preceptorship; Roles; Perception; Nurses