Korean J Radiol.  2022 Feb;23(2):271-279. 10.3348/kjr.2021.0169.

Comparison of Clinical and Radiologic Findings Between Perforated and Non-Perforated Choledochal Cysts in Children

• Kim YJ
• Kim SH
• Yoo SY
• Kim JH
• Jung SM
• Lee S
• Seo JM
• Moon SH
• Jeon TY

• KMID: 2525224
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2021.0169

Abstract

Objective
To compare the clinical and radiologic findings between perforated and non-perforated choledochal cysts in children.
Materials and Methods
Fourteen patients (mean age ± standard deviation, 1.7 ± 1.2 years) with perforated choledochal cysts (perforated group) and 204 patients (3.6 ± 3.8 years) with non-perforated choledochal cysts (non-perforated group) were included between 2000 and 2019. All patients underwent choledochal cyst excision after ultrasound, CT, or MR cholangiopancreatography. Relevant data including demographics, clinical symptoms, laboratory findings, imaging findings, and outcomes were analyzed. Statistical differences were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test and Fisher’s exact test.
Results
Choledochal cyst perforation occurred only in children under the age of 4 years. Acute symptoms, including fever (p < 0.001), were more common in the perforated group than in the non-perforated group. High levels of white blood cells (p = 0.004), C-reactive protein (p < 0.001), and serum amylase (p = 0.002), and low levels of albumin (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with the perforated group. All 14 patients with perforated choledochal cysts had ascites, whereas only 16% (33/204) of patients in the non-perforated group had ascites (p < 0.001). In the subgroup of patients who had ascites, a large amount of ascites (p = 0.001), increase in the amount of ascites in a short time (p < 0.001), complex ascites (p < 0.001), and perihepatic pseudocysts (p < 0.001) were more common in the perforated group than in the non-perforated group.
Conclusion
Children with perforated choledochal cysts have characteristic clinical and radiologic findings compared to those with non-perforated choledochal cysts. In young children with choledochal cysts, perforation should be differentiated in cases with acute symptoms, laboratory abnormalities, and characteristic ascites findings.

Keyword

Choledochal cyst; Spontaneous perforation; Child; Hepatobiliary imaging