J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg.  2021 Dec;47(6):445-453. 10.5125/jkaoms.2021.47.6.445.

Association between soluble forms of the receptor for advanced glycation end products and periodontal disease: a retrospective study

• Kim KS
• Lee YJ
• Ahn S
• Chang YS
• Choi Y
• Lee HJ

• KMID: 2524704
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5125/jkaoms.2021.47.6.445

Abstract

Objectives
Periodontitis is the most common chronic disease that causes tooth loss and is related to systemic diseases such as cardiovascular dis- ease and diabetes. An objective indicator of the current activity of periodontitis is necessary. Soluble forms of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) are markers that reflect the status of inflammatory diseases. In this study, the relationship between sRAGE and periodontitis was analyzed to determine whether it can be used to diagnose the current state of periodontitis.
Patients and Methods
Eighty-four patients without any systemic diseases were diagnosed with periodontitis using three classifications of periodontitis. Demographics and oral examination data such as plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP) index, and probing pocket depth (PPD) were analyzed according to each classification. In addition, correlation and partial correlation between sRAGE and the values indicating periodontitis were analyzed.
Results
In each classification, the level of sRAGE tended to decrease if periodontitis was present or severe, but this change was not statistically significant. sRAGE and periodontitis-related variables exhibited a weak correlation, among which the BOP index showed a relatively strong negative cor-relation (ρ=–0.20). Based on this, on analyzing the correlation between the BOP index and sRAGE in the group with more severe periodontitis (PPD≥5 mm group, severe group of AAP/CDC [American Academy of Periodontology/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention], periodontitis group of López), the correlation further increased (ρ=–0.23, –0.40, –0.50). Partial correlation analysis of the sRAGE and BOP index showed a stronger negative correlation (ρ=–0.36, –0.55, –0.45).
Conclusion
sRAGE demonstrated a tendency to decrease upon increased severity of periodontitis according to the classifications used. Above all, the correlation with the BOP index, which reflects the current state of periodontitis, was higher in the group with severe periodontitis. This indicates that the current status of periodontitis can be diagnosed through sRAGE.

Keyword

Receptor for advanced glycation end products; Periodontal index; Periodontitis; Bleeding on probing index

Figure

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  Fig. 1 Boxplot showing the sRAGE level stratified by the classifications of periodontitis. A. PPD5. B. AAP/CDC. C. López. Refer to Table 3 for the definition of PPD5, AAP/CDC, and López. (sRAGE: soluble forms of the receptor for advanced glycation end products, sAGE: serum level of advanced glycation end products, PPD: probing pocket depth, AAP/CDC: American Academy of Periodontology/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)

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  Fig. 2 Correlation among sRAGE, sAGE, sAGE/sRAGE ratio, periodontal indices, and inflammation-related variables displayed by hitmap. A. All patients. B, C. PPD5. D, E. AAP/CDC. F-H. López. Refer to Table 3 for the definition of PPD5, AAP/CDC, and López. (BOP_index: index of bleeding on probing, CRP: C-reactive protein, ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate, mPPD: mean probing pocket depth, Plaque index: index of plaque accumulation on teeth, sAGE: serum level of advanced glycation end products, sRAGE: soluble forms of the receptor for AGE, sAGE/sRAGE: ratio of sAGE over sRAGE, PPD: probing pocket depth, AAP/CDC: American Academy of Periodontology/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)

Reference

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