Prog Med Phys.  2021 Dec;32(4):99-106. 10.14316/pmp.2021.32.4.99.

Dosimetric Study Using Patient-Specific ThreeDimensional-Printed Head Phantom with Polymer Gel in Radiation Therapy

Affiliations
  • 1Research Team of Radiological Physics & Engineering, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul, Korea
  • 2Department of Accelerator Science, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
  • 3Divisions of Applied RI , Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul, Korea
  • 4Divisions of Applied Radiation Bioscience, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul, Korea

Abstract

Purpose
In this study, we aimed to manufacture a patient-specific gel phantom combining threedimensional (3D) printing and polymer gel and evaluate the radiation dose and dose profile using gel dosimetry.
Methods
The patient-specific head phantom was manufactured based on the patient’s computed tomography (CT) scan data to create an anatomically replicated phantom; this was then produced using a ColorJet 3D printer. A 3D polymer gel dosimeter called RTgel-100 is contained inside the 3D printing head phantom, and irradiation was performed using a 6 MV LINAC (Varian Clinac) X-ray beam, a linear accelerator for treatment. The irradiated phantom was scanned using magnetic resonance imaging (Siemens) with a magnetic field of 3 Tesla (3T) of the Korea Institute of Nuclear Medicine, and then compared the irradiated head phantom with the dose calculated by the patient's treatment planning system (TPS).
Results
The comparison between the Hounsfield unit (HU) values of the CT image of the patient and those of the phantom revealed that they were almost similar. The electron density value of the patient’s bone and brain was 996±167 HU and 58±15 HU, respectively, and that of the head phantom bone and brain material was 986±25 HU and 45±17 HU, respectively. The comparison of the data of TPS and 3D gel revealed that the difference in gamma index was 2%/2 mm and the passing rate was within 95%.
Conclusions
3D printing allows us to manufacture variable density phantoms for patient-specific dosimetric quality assurance (DQA), develop a customized body phantom of the patient in the future, and perform a patient-specific dosimetry with film, ion chamber, gel, and so on.

Keyword

Polymer gel; Computed tomography; Magnetic resonance imaging; Treatment planning system; 3D printing

Figure

  • Fig. 1 (a, b) Manufacture of head phantom filled with a polymer gel.

  • Fig. 2 (a) Computed tomography (CT) scan of the actual patient. (b) CT scan of the three-dimensional-printed head phantom.

  • Fig. 3 Position alignment for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Gel phantom scan image of the patient using MRI.

  • Fig. 4 (a) MRI image and treatment plan for high dose. (b) MRI image and treatment plan for low dose. MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; TPS, treatment planning system.

  • Fig. 5 (a) Dose profile in the x-axis direction of the coronal plane (T2 maps of the investigated phantom). The high-dose area is the dark area. (b) Dose profile in the y-direction of the coronal plane. (c) Dose profile in the x-direction of the transverse plane. (d) Dose profile in the y-axis direction of the transverse plane.

  • Fig. 6 Comparisons between one-dimensional (1D) profile and 1D gamma index values of the calculated (TPS) and measured doses: (a) x-axis direction of the coronal plane; (b) y-axis direction of the coronal plane; (c) x-axis direction of the transverse plane; (d) y-axis direction of the transverse plane. TPS, treatment planning system.

  • Fig. 7 Dose-volume histograms in (a) GTV and (b) PTV. GTV, gross tumor volume; PTV, planning target volume; TPS, treatment planning system.


Reference

References

1. Ezzell GA, Galvin JM, Low D, Palta JR, Rosen I, Sharpe MB, et al. 2003; Guidance document on delivery, treatment planning, and clinical implementation of IMRT: report of the IMRT Subcommittee of the AAPM Radiation Therapy Committee. Med Phys. 30:2089–2115. DOI: 10.1118/1.1591194. PMID: 12945975.
Article
2. Chin LS, Regine WF. 2010. Principles and practice of stereotactic radiosurgery. Springer Science+Business Media;New York:
3. Park HJ, Griffin RJ, Hui S, Levitt SH, Song CW. 2012; Radiation-induced vascular damage in tumors: implications of vascular damage in ablative hypofractionated radiotherapy (SBRT and SRS). Radiat Res. 177:311–327. DOI: 10.1667/RR2773.1. PMID: 22229487.
Article
4. Gigliotti MJ, Hasan S, Liang Y, Chen D, Fuhrer R, Wegner RE. 2018; A 10-year experience of linear accelerator-based stereotactic radiosurgery/radiotherapy (SRS/SRT) for paraganglioma: a single institution experience and review of the literature. J Radiosurg SBRT. 5:183–190.
5. Kry SF, Molineu A, Kerns JR, Faught AM, Huang JY, Pulliam KB, et al. 2014; Institutional patient-specific IMRT QA does not predict unacceptable plan delivery. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 90:1195–1201. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.08.334. PMID: 25442044. PMCID: PMC4276500.
Article
6. Hillman Y, Kim J, Chetty I, Wen N. 2018; Refinement of MLC modeling improves commercial QA dosimetry system for SRS and SBRT patient-specific QA. Med Phys. 45:1351–1359. DOI: 10.1002/mp.12808. PMID: 29431865.
Article
7. Kim JS, Park BR, Yoo J, Ha WH, Jang S, Jang WI, et al. 2021; Measurement uncertainty analysis of radiophotoluminescent glass dosimeter reader system based on GD-352M for estimation of protection quantity. Nucl Eng Technol. DOI: 10.1016/j.net.2021.08.016.
Article
8. Molazadeh M, Robatjazi M, Geraily G, Rezaeejam H, Zeinali A, Shirazi A. 2021; Three-dimensional IMRT QA of Monte Carlo and full scatter convolution algorithms based on 3D film dosimetry. Radiat Phys Chem. 186:109528. DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109528.
Article
9. Choi JW, Choi JY, Kim BC, Joo KK. 2021; Feasibility study of a portable and fast spatial dosimeter using an alcohol-based liquid scintillator and a digital camera. J Korean Phys Soc. 79:810–817. DOI: 10.1007/s40042-021-00306-9.
Article
10. Eidi T, Aghamiri SMR, Jaberi R, Baghani HR. 2022; On measuring the 3D dose distribution for notched and circular Ru-106 plaque shapes through Gafchromic film dosimetry approach. Radiat Phys Chem. 190:109792. DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109792.
Article
11. Silveira MA, Pavoni JF, Baffa O. 2017; Three-dimensional quality assurance of IMRT prostate plans using gel dosimetry. Phys Med. 34:1–6. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2016.12.007. PMID: 28108100.
Article
12. Lee M, Noh S, Yoon KJ, Lee SW, Yoon SM, Jung J, et al. 2020; Feasibility study of polymer gel dosimetry using a 3D printed phantom for liver cancer radiotherapy. J Korean Phys Soc. 76:453–457. DOI: 10.3938/jkps.76.453.
Article
13. Matrosic CK, Holmes S, Bednarz B, Culberson W. 2019; Evaluation of a clinical dose accumulation algorithm using deformable gel dosimetry. J Phys Conf Ser. 1305:012002. DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1305/1/012002.
Article
14. Baldock C, De Deene Y, Doran S, Ibbott G, Jirasek A, Lepage M, et al. 2010; Polymer gel dosimetry. Phys Med Biol. 55:R1–R63. DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/55/5/R01. PMID: 20150687. PMCID: PMC3031873.
Article
15. Pérez P, Torres PR, Bruna A, Brunetto M, Aon E, Franco D, et al. 2021; Fricke gel xylenol orange dosimeter layers for stereotactic radiosurgery: a preliminary approach. Appl Radiat Isot. 178:109936. DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109936. PMID: 34592691.
Article
16. Hebb AO, Poliakov AV. 2009; Imaging of deep brain stimulation leads using extended Hounsfield unit CT. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg. 87:155–160. DOI: 10.1159/000209296. PMID: 19321968.
Article
Full Text Links
  • PMP
Actions
Cited
CITED
export Copy
Close
Share
  • Twitter
  • Facebook
Similar articles
Copyright © 2024 by Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors. All rights reserved.     E-mail: koreamed@kamje.or.kr