J Neurogastroenterol Motil.
2021 Oct;27(4):453-481. 10.5056/jnm21077.
2020 Seoul Consensus on the Diagnosis and Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
- Affiliations
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- 1Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- 2Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Ilsan Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Ilsan, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
- 3Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Gangnam Center, Seoul, Korea
- 4Department of Internal Medicine, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Korea
- 5Department of Internal Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
- 6Department of Internal Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- 7Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- 8Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- 9Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea
- 10Digestive Disease Center, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
- 11Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- 12Department of Gastroenterology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
- 13Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- 14Department of Internal Medicine and Digestive Disease Research Institute, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
- 15Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
- 16Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
- 17Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- 18Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- 19Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
- 20Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan, Hospital, Cheonan, Chungcheongnamdo, Korea
- 21Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- 22Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- 23Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
- 24Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- 25Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, and Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien City, Taiwan
- 26Center of Excellence on Neurogastroenterology and Motility, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- 27Departments of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Science, Lucknow, India
- 28Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
- 29Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- 30Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medicine Cluster, National University Hospital, Singapore
- 31Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- 32Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
- 33Division of Healthcare Technology Assessment Research, National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency, Seoul, Korea
- 34Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- KMID: 2521147
- DOI: http://doi.org/10.5056/jnm21077
Abstract
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a condition in which gastric contents regurgitate into the esophagus or beyond, resulting in either troublesome symptoms or complications. GERD is heterogeneous in terms of varied manifestations, test findings, and treatment responsiveness. GERD diagnosis can be established with symptomatology, pathology, or physiology. Recently the Lyon consensus defined the “proven GERD” with concrete evidence for reflux, including advanced grade erosive esophagitis (Los Angeles classification grades C and or D esophagitis), long-segment Barrett’s mucosa or peptic strictures on endoscopy or distal esophageal acid exposure time > 6% on 24-hour ambulatory pH-impedance monitoring. However, some Asian researchers have different opinions on whether the same standards should be applied to the Asian population. The prevalence of GERD is increasing in Asia. The present evidence-based guidelines were developed using a systematic review and meta-analysis approach. In GERD with typical symptoms, a proton pump inhibitor test can be recommended as a sensitive, cost-effective, and practical test for GERD diagnosis.Based on a meta-analysis of 19 estimated acid-exposure time values in Asians, the reference range upper limit for esophageal acid exposure time was 3.2% (95% confidence interval, 2.7-3.9%) in the Asian countries. Esophageal manometry and novel impedance measurements, including mucosal impedance and a post-reflux swallow-induced peristaltic wave, are promising in discrimination of GERD among different reflux phenotypes, thus increasing its diagnostic yield. We also propose a long-term strategy of evidence-based GERD treatment with proton pump inhibitors and other drugs.
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