Anat Cell Biol.  2021 Jun;54(2):143-151. 10.5115/acb.21.089.

Role of agmatine in the application of neural progenitor cell in central nervous system diseases: therapeutic potentials and effects

• Kosonen R
• Barua S
• Kim JY
• Lee JE

• KMID: 2516898
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5115/acb.21.089

Abstract

Agmatine, the primary decarboxylation product of L-arginine, generated from arginine decarboxylase. Since the discovery of agmatine in the mammalian brain in the 1990s, an increasing number of agmatine-mediated effects have been discovered, demonstrating the benefits of agmatine on ischemic strokes, traumatic brain injury and numerous psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety, and stress. Agmatine also has cellular protective effects and contributes to cell proliferation and differentiation in the central nervous system (CNS). Neural progenitor cells are an important component in the recovery and repair of many neurological disorders due to their ability to differentiate into functional adult neurons. Recent data has revealed that agmatine can regulate and increase proliferation and the fate of progenitor cells in the adult hippocampus. This review aims to summarise and discuss the role of agmatine in the CNS; specifically, the effects and relationship between agmatine and neural progenitor cells and how these ideas can be applied to potential therapeutic application.

Keyword

Agmatine; Neural progenitor stem cells; Arginine; Neuroprotection; Therapeutic uses

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of the roles of agmatine in the brain stem/spinal cord, hippocampus, temporal lobe, prefrontal and parietal lobe. ERK, Extracellular-signal-regulated kinases; NO, nitric oxide; NOS, nitric oxide synthase; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SOD, superoxide dismutase; TLX, tailless homolog. This figure was created and published with permission from BioRender.com.

• 

  Fig. 2 Schematic illustration of the synthesis of L-arginine dependent, agmatine in the mitochondria of astrocytes. Agmatine is synthesized as a result of arginine decarboxylase dependent L-arginine. Arginase converts L-arginine to ornithine, which enters the urea cycle and NOS initiates the conversion of L-arginine to NO and citrulline. Agmatine can be metabolized to putrescine—which can produce spermine and spermidine—through agmatinase or be oxidised by diamine oxidase to produce guanidinobutyric acid. NO, nitric oxide.

Reference

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