Korean J Orthod.  2021 Mar;51(2):126-134. 10.4041/kjod.2021.51.2.126.

Differences in mandibular condyle and glenoid fossa morphology in relation to vertical and sagittal skeletal patterns: A cone-beam computed tomography study

Affiliations
  • 1Private Practice, Seoul, Korea
  • 2Department of Orthodontics, The Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
  • 3Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea

Abstract


Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the following null hypothesis: there are no differences in the morphology of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) structures in relation to vertical and sagittal cephalometric patterns.
Methods
This retrospective study was performed with 131 participants showing no TMJ symptoms. The participants were divided into Class I, II, and III groups on the basis of their sagittal cephalometric relationships and into hyperdivergent, normodivergent, and hypodivergent groups on the basis of their vertical cephalometric relationships. The following measurements were performed using cone-beam computed tomography images and compared among the groups: condylar volume, condylar size (width, length, and height), fossa size (length and height), and condyle-to-fossa joint spaces at the anterior, superior, and posterior condylar poles.
Results
The null hypothesis was rejected. The Class III group showed larger values for condylar width, condylar height, and fossa height than the Class II group (p < 0.05). Condylar volume and superior joint space in the hyperdivergent group were significantly smaller than those in the other two vertical groups (p < 0.001), whereas fossa length and height were significantly larger in the hyperdivergent group than in the other groups (p < 0.01). The hypodivergent group showed a greater condylar width than the hyperdivergent group (p < 0.01). The sagittal and vertical cephalometric patterns showed statistically significant interactions for fossa length and height.
Conclusions
TMJ morphology differed across diverse skeletal cephalometric patterns. The fossa length and height were affected by the interactions of the vertical and sagittal skeletal patterns.

Keyword

Temporomandibular joint; Cone-beam computed tomography; Cephalometrics

Figure

  • Figure 1 Measurements for the temporomandibular joint structure. Condylar volume was measured from a three-dimensional reconstructed image; condylar width was measured on the coronal section; and other measurements, including condylar length and height, fossa length and height, and superior, anterior, and posterior joint spaces, were measured on the same sagittal section. Please refer to Tables 2 and 3 for definitions of the abbreviations and measurements.

  • Figure 2 Interaction between vertical and sagittal skeletal patterns and fossa length (A) and height (B).


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