Exp Neurobiol.  2021 Feb;30(1):1-12. 10.5607/en20048.

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Coronavirus Disease-19-Associated Ischemic Stroke: A Novel Avenue in Neuroscience

Affiliations
  • 1Doctoral Program of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Udayana University, Denpasar 80232, Indonesia
  • 2Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine Udayana University-Sanglah Academic General Hospital, Denpasar 80232, Indonesia
  • 3Department of Neurology, Abdi Waluyo Hospital, Jakarta 10310, Indonesia

Abstract

Ischemic stroke is one of the catastrophic neurological events that are being increasingly recognized among Coronavirus Disease (COVID)-19 patients. The recent studies have revealed about a possible connection among COVID-19, ischemic stroke, and excessive Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) formation. This paper establishes an overview of coronaviruses and NETs, NETs in pathogenesis of COVID-19 induced-ischemic stroke, and future directions using related recent literatures. NETs are normally functioned for a defense against pathogens, but in immoderate amount, they can trigger series of destructive events. Vasculopathy and neuroinflammation are the pathological mechanisms of NETs suggested to link COVID-19 and ischemic stroke. Based on newly discovered possible mechanisms, the potential clinical implications that could be applied consists of inhibition of NET formation, disrupting cholesterol synthesis, and interfering inflammatory pathway. A considerable number of scientific works are needed in order to complete the current understanding of the emerging relationship among COVID-19, NETs, and ischemic stroke. Although the exact mechanism is still unknown, these novel findings are a worthwhile contribution in defining future studies, suitable future frameworks, and therapeutic strategies.

Keyword

Stroke; Coronavirus; Neutrophil; Extracellular traps
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