Korean J Fam Pract.
2021 Feb;11(1):52-60. 10.21215/kjfp.2021.11.1.52.
Association between Urinary Cotinine-Verified Smoking Status and High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein in Korean Adults: Based on Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016–2018
- Affiliations
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- 1Department of Family Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- 2Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
- KMID: 2513128
- DOI: http://doi.org/10.21215/kjfp.2021.11.1.52
Abstract
- Background
C-reactive protein (CRP) can be used to assess the risk of cardiovascular disease in adults. Previous studies have reported a relationship between self-reported smoking status and high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) elevations. This study investigated the relationship between urinary cotinine–verified smoking status and hs-CRP levels in Korean adults.
Methods
We included Korean adults with laboratory test results suggestive of acute inflammation who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2016 and 2018. The participants were divided into current smoker and current non-smoker groups (cut-off value, 50 ng/mL). The frequency of hs-CRP elevation was compared between groups with cardiovascular risk factors and smoking status. Elevated CRP (≥0.98 mg/L) level versus smoking status was examined, and multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted of elevated hs-CRP level.
Results
There were 885 current smokers and 2,574 current non-smokers. Participants with a higher body mass index, higher white blood cell count (P<0.005), or lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (P<0.001) tended to have a significantly higher frequency of hs-CRP elevation. However, multiple logistic regression analysis of the risk of hs-CRP elevation after the adjustment for possible confounding variables showed an odds ratio of 1.04 (95% confidence interval, -0.13 to 0.23) in the current smoker versus current non-smoker group.
Conclusion
There was no significant difference in the risk of hs-CRP elevation in Korean adults by urinary cotinine–verified smoking status.
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