Korean J Pain.  2021 Jan;34(1):66-71. 10.3344/kjp.2021.34.1.66.

Atypical triggers in trigeminal neuralgia: the role of A-delta sensory afferents in food and weather triggers

• Koh W
• Lim H
• Chen X

• KMID: 2510313
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3344/kjp.2021.34.1.66

Abstract

Background
Trigeminal neuralgia is a debilitating craniofacial pain syndrome that is characterized by paroxysms of intense, short-lived electric shock-like pains in the trigeminal nerve distribution. Recently, the presence of triggers has become one of the key diagnostic criteria in the 3rd edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders. Light touch is the most common trigger, however other nonmechanical triggers, such as cold weather and certain foods, have been thought to provoke trigeminal neuralgia anecdotally. We aimed to characterize the prevalence and characteristics of these atypical triggers.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional study of atypical triggers in trigeminal neuralgia patients seen in a tertiary pain clinic in Singapore. Patients were recruited via clinic records, and study data were identified from physician documentation.
Results
A total of 60 patients met the inclusion criteria. Weather triggers were observed in 12 patients (20%), of which five patients (8%) reported strong winds, 4 patients (7%) reported cold temperatures, and 3 patients (5%) reported cold winds as triggers. Fifteen patients (25%) had a specific food trigger, of which 10 patients (17%) reported hard or tough food, 5 patients (8%) reported hot/cold food, 4 patients (7%) reported spicy food, and 2 patients (3%) reported sweet food as triggers.
Conclusions
Although trigeminal neuralgia is most commonly triggered by mechanical stimuli, atypical triggers such as cold temperatures and certain foods are seen in a significant proportion of patients. These atypical triggers may share a common pathway of sensory afferent Aδ fiber activation.

Keyword

Cold Temperature; Facial Neuralgia; Food; Nerve Fibers; Pain; Precipitating Factors; Prevalence; Trigeminal Neuralgia; TRPV Cation Channels; Wind

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