Tissue Eng Regen Med.  2020 Dec;17(6):747-757. 10.1007/s13770-020-00250-y.

Engineering Human Brain Organoids: From Basic Research to Tissue Regeneration

• Jeong HJ
• Jimenez Z
• Mukhambetiyar K
• Seo M
• Choi JW
• Park TE

• KMID: 2509421
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.1007/s13770-020-00250-y

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Brain organoids are self-organized from human pluripotent stem cells and developed into various brain region following the developmental process of brain. Brain organoids provide promising approach for studying brain development process and neurological diseases and for tissue regeneration.
METHODS
In this review, we summarized the development of brain organoids technology, potential applications focusing on disease modeling for regeneration medicine, and multidisciplinary approaches to overcome current limitations of the technology.
RESULTS
Generations of brain organoids are categorized into two major classes by depending on the patterning method. In order to guide the differentiation into specific brain region, the extrinsic factors such as growth factors, small molecules, and biomaterials are actively studied. For better modelling of diseases with brain organoids and clinical application for tissue regeneration, improvement of the brain organoid maturation is one of the most important steps.
CONCLUSION
Brain organoids have potential to develop into an innovative platform for pharmacological studies and tissue engineering. However, they are not identical replicas of their in vivo counterpart and there are still a lot of limitations to move forward to clinical applications.

Keyword

Brain organoid; Vascularization; Disease modeling; Tissue regeneration