J Vet Sci.  2020 Mar;21(2):e23. 10.4142/jvs.2020.21.e23.

Specific urinary metabolites in canine mammary gland tumors

• Marcela VR
• Peter O
• Aneta S
• Radka T
• Zuzana K

• KMID: 2506168
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4142/jvs.2020.21.e23

Abstract

The identification of biomarkers that distinguish diseased from healthy individuals is of great interest in human and veterinary fields. In this research area, a metabolomic approach and its related statistical analyses can be useful for biomarker determination and allow noninvasive discrimination of healthy volunteers from breast cancer patients. In this study, we focused on the most common canine neoplasm, mammary gland tumor, and herein, we describe a simple method using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography to determine the levels of tyrosine and its metabolites (epinephrine, 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and vanillylmandelic acid), tryptophan and its metabolites (5-hydroxyindolacetic acid, indoxyl sulfate, serotonin, and kynurenic acid) in canine mammary cancer urine samples. Our results indicated significantly increased concentrations of three tryptophan metabolites, 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (p < 0.001), serotonin, indoxyl sulfate (p < 0.01), and kynurenic acid ((p < 0.05), and 2 tyrosine metabolites, 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (p < 0.001), and epinephrine (p < 0.05) in urine samples from the mammary gland tumor group compared to concentrations in urine samples from the healthy group. The results indicate that select urinary tyrosine and tryptophan metabolites may be useful as non-invasive diagnostic markers as well as in developing a therapeutic strategy for canine mammary gland tumors.

Keyword

Canine mammary cancer; urine metabolites; UHPLC

Figure

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  Fig. 1. Urinary metabolite to creatinine ratios in mammary gland cancer and healthy control dogs. Horizontal lines represent median values. TYR, tyrosine; E, epinephrine; L-DOPA, 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine; DOPAC, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid; VMA, vanillylmandelic acid; TRP, tryptophan; 5-HIAA, 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid; IS, indoxyl sulfate; 5-HT, serotonin; KYNA, kynurenic acid.

Reference

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