J Korean Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry.  2020 Jul;31(3):121-130. 10.5765/jkacap.200020.

Cognitive and Emotional Empathy in Young Adolescents: an fMRI Study

• Kim EJ
• Son JW
• Park SK
• Chung S
• Ghim HR
• Lee S
• Lee SI
• Shin CJ
• Kim S
• Ju G
• Park H
• Lee J

• KMID: 2504042
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5765/jkacap.200020

Abstract

Objectives
We investigated the differences in cognitive and emotional empathic ability between adolescents and adults, and the differences of the brain activation during cognitive and emotional empathy tasks.
Methods
Adolescents (aged 13–15 years, n=14) and adults (aged 19–29 years, n=17) completed a range of empathic ability questionnaires and were scanned functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during both cognitive and emotional empathy task. Differences in empathic ability and brain activation between the groups were analyzed.
Results
Both cognitive and emotional empathic ability were significantly lower in the adolescent compared to the adult group. Comparing the adolescent to the adult group showed that brain activation was significantly greater in the right transverse temporal gyrus (BA 41), right insula (BA 13), right superior parietal lobule (BA 7), right precentral gyrus (BA 4), and right thalamus whilst performing emotional empathy tasks. No brain regions showed significantly greater activation in the adolescent compared to the adult group while performing cognitive empathy task. In the adolescent group, scores of the Fantasy Subscale in the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, which reflects cognitive empathic ability, negatively correlated with activity of right superior parietal lobule during emotional empathic situations (r=-0.739, p=0.006).
Conclusion
These results strongly suggest that adolescents possess lower cognitive and emotional empathic abilities than adults do and require compensatory hyperactivation of the brain regions associated with emotional empathy or embodiment in emotional empathic situation. Compensatory hyperactivation in the emotional empathy-related brain areas among adolescents are likely associated with their lower cognitive empathic ability.

Keyword

Adolescent brain; Empathy; Cognitive empathy; Emotional empathy; Functional magnetic resonance imaging