Korean J Psychosom Med.  2019 Dec;27(2):101-110. 10.22722/KJPM.2019.27.2.101.

A Study on Clinical Variables Contributing to Differentiation of Delirium and Non-Delirium Patients in the ICU

• Ko C
• Kim JJ
• Cho D
• Oh J
• Park JY

• KMID: 2470698
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.22722/KJPM.2019.27.2.101

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
It is not clear which clinical variables are most closely associated with delirium in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). By comparing clinical data of ICU delirium and non-delirium patients, we sought to identify variables that most effectively differentiate delirium from non-delirium.
METHODS
Medical records of 6,386 ICU patients were reviewed. Random Subset Feature Selection and Principal Component Analysis were utilized to select a set of clinical variables with the highest discriminatory capacity. Statistical analyses were employed to determine the separation capacity of two models-one using just the selected few clinical variables and the other using all clinical variables associated with delirium.
RESULTS
There was a significant difference between delirium and non-delirium individuals across 32 clinical variables. Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS), urinary catheterization, vascular catheterization, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), Blood urea nitrogen, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Examination II most effectively differentiated delirium from non-delirium. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that, with the exception of vascular catheterization, these clinical variables were independent risk factors associated with delirium. Separation capacity of the logistic regression model using just 6 clinical variables was measured with Receiver Operating Characteristic curve, with Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.818. Same analyses were performed using all 32 clinical variables;the AUC was 0.881, denoting a very high separation capacity.
CONCLUSIONS
The six aforementioned variables most effectively separate delirium from non-delirium. This highlights the importance of close monitoring of patients who received invasive medical procedures and were rated with very low RASS and HAM-A scores.

Keyword

Delirium; Intensive care unit; Electronic medical record; Discriminatory analysis

MeSH Terms

Anxiety
Area Under Curve
Blood Urea Nitrogen
Delirium*
Dihydroergotamine
Electronic Health Records
Humans
Intensive Care Units
Logistic Models
Medical Records
Physiology
Principal Component Analysis
Risk Factors
ROC Curve
Urinary Catheterization
Urinary Catheters
Vascular Access Devices
Dihydroergotamine