Epidemiol Health.  2019;41:e2019028. 10.4178/epih.e2019028.

Incidence and predictors of tuberculosis among HIV-positive children at Adama Referral Hospital and Medical College, Oromia, Ethiopia: a retrospective follow-up study

• Beshir MT
• Beyene AH
• Tlaye KG
• Demelew TM

• KMID: 2469430
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2019028

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Tuberculosis (TB) is common in children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but its effect on the survival of HIV-infected children is not well understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the incidence and predictors of active TB among HIV-positive children at Adama Referral Hospital and Medical College, Oromia, Ethiopia.
METHODS
A retrospective study was conducted over 5 years using a checklist to gather data from 428 randomly selected pediatric patient charts. The checklist was adapted from the standardized antiretroviral therapy (ART) follow-up form currently used by the institution's ART clinic. Data were analyzed by bivariate and multivariable analysis using Cox regression proportional hazards models, as appropriate. Survival was calculated and compared using the Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests.
RESULTS
Of the 466 charts reviewed, 428 patient records were included in the analysis. A total of 67 new TB cases were observed during the follow-up period. Hence, the incidence rate in this cohort was found to be 6.03 per 100 child-years of observation. A baseline hemoglobin level <10 g/dL (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 7.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03 to 48.15), moderate wasting (aHR, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.02 to 7.99), and not receiving isoniazid preventive therapy (aHR, 8.23; 95% CI, 2.11 to 32.06) were among the independent predictors of TB occurrence.
CONCLUSIONS
The incidence of TB was high, particularly in pre-ART patients receiving chronic care for HIV. Close follow-up of HIV-positive children is crucial to protect them against the development of TB. Initiating isoniazid preventive therapy, averting malnutrition, and managing anemia are also of significant importance.

Keyword

Incidence; Tuberculosis; Children; HIV; Ethiopia

MeSH Terms

Anemia
Checklist
Child*
Cohort Studies
Ethiopia*
Follow-Up Studies*
HIV
Humans
Incidence*
Isoniazid
Malnutrition
Proportional Hazards Models
Referral and Consultation*
Retrospective Studies*
Tuberculosis*
Isoniazid