Anat Cell Biol.  2019 Dec;52(4):511-517. 10.5115/acb.19.114.

Regulation of estrous cycle by Cynodon dactylon in letrozole induced polycystic ovarian syndrome in Wistars albino rats

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Anatomy, Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India. anandaraman2006@gmail.com
  • 2Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India.

Abstract

Menstrual cycle is controlled by luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone of anterior pituitary and regulated by gonadotropin-releasing hormone of hypothalamus. Any disturbance to this regulatory mechanism alters the pulsatile release of these hormones, especially LH; leads to polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Changes in vaginal cytology are used to interpret the changes in hormonal levels and modifications in estrous cycle. The aim of this study is to compare the pattern of vaginal cytology and body mass among PCOS rats which are treated with metformin and Cynodon dactylon. Twenty-four Wistar rats were selected and divided into four groups: control, induced, treatment, and referral. PCOS was induced in all groups except controls by giving letrozole through oral gavage for 21 days. After inducing PCOS, the referral and treatment group were treated for PCOS with metformin and C. dactylon respectively for next 21 days. Vaginal smear of all the groups were taken every day from day one and screened for estrous cycle. The body mass of the animals was measured on days 1, 21, and 42. Animals were sacrificed after 24 hours of the last dose and the reproductive organs were dissected out and weighed. Results of the study show the estrous cycle begins to revert after 1-week administration of C. dactylon; while the changes were slower in referral group. There was a rapid decrease in the body mass as well as reproductive organs among the treatment and referral group compared to that of induced and control. Finding of this study suggests that C. dactylon treats PCOS better than metformin.

Keyword

Gonadotropin release hormone; Cynodon dactylon; Letrozole; Estrous cycle; Vaginal smear

MeSH Terms

Animals
Cynodon*
Estrous Cycle*
Female
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
Hypothalamus
Luteinizing Hormone
Menstrual Cycle
Metformin
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome*
Rats*
Rats, Wistar
Referral and Consultation
Vaginal Smears
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
Luteinizing Hormone
Metformin

Figure

  • Fig. 1 Proestrous stage with nucleated epithelium (circle) and cornified epithelium (arrow) (A, ×40; B, ×10).

  • Fig. 2 Estrous stage with cornified epithelium (arrow) (A, ×40; B, ×10).

  • Fig. 3 Metaestrous stage with cornified epithelium with nucleus (circle) and without nucleus (smaller arrow) and neutrophils (larger arrow) (A, ×40; B, ×10).

  • Fig. 4 Diestrous stage with some cornified epithelium (large arrow) and numerous neutrophils (A, ×40; B, ×10).

  • Fig. 5 Normal estrous cycle of the control group. 1, prestrous; 2, estrous; 3, metastrous; 4, diestrous.

  • Fig. 6 Prolong diestrous stage of estrous cycle in the induced group. 1, prestrous; 2, estrous; 3, metastrous; 4, diestrous.

  • Fig. 7 Recovery of estrous cycle in the treatment group. 1, prestrous; 2, estrous; 3, metastrous; 4, diestrous.

  • Fig. 8 Recovery of estrous cycle in the referral group. 1, prestrous; 2, estrous; 3, metastrous; 4, diestrous.

  • Fig. 9 Weight of the different groups of animals. Control, induced (polycystic ovarian syndrome), treatment (drug), and referral (metformin).

  • Fig. 10 Weight of the right and left ovary in different groups of animals. Control, induced (polycystic ovarian syndrome), treatment (drug), and referral (metformin)

  • Fig. 11 Weight of uterus in different groups of animals. Control, induced (polycystic ovarian syndrome), treatment (drug), and referral (metformin).

  • Fig. 12 Uterus of control, induced, referral (metformin), and treatment (drug) group. O, ovary; U, uterus.


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