J Periodontal Implant Sci.  2018 Aug;48(4):261-271. 10.5051/jpis.2018.48.4.261.

Real-time PCR quantification of 9 periodontal pathogens in saliva samples from periodontally healthy Korean young adults

• Choi H
• Kim E
• Kang J
• Kim HJ
• Lee JY
• Choi J
• Joo JY

• KMID: 2465391
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5051/jpis.2018.48.4.261

Abstract

PURPOSE
Few studies have examined periodontal pathogens from saliva samples in periodontally healthy young adults. The purposes of this study were to determine the prevalence of periodontopathic bacteria and to quantify periodontal pathogens in saliva samples using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays in periodontally healthy Korean young adults under 35 years of age.
METHODS
Nine major periodontal pathogens were analyzed by real-time PCR in saliva from 94 periodontally healthy young adults. Quantification of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Campylobacter rectus, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, and Eikenella corrodens was performed by DNA copy number measurement.
RESULTS
F. nucleatum and E. corrodens were detected in all subjects; the numbers of positive samples were 87 (92.6%), 91 (96.8%), and 90 (95.7%) for P. gingivalis, P. anaerobius, and C. rectus, respectively. Other pathogens were also detected in periodontally healthy subjects. Analysis of DNA copy numbers revealed that the most abundant periodontal pathogen was F. nucleatum, which was significantly more prevalent than all other bacteria (P < 0.001), followed by P. anaerobius, P. gingivalis, E. corrodens, C. rectus, and T. denticola. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of each bacterium between men and women. The DNA copy number of total bacteria was significantly higher in men than in women.
CONCLUSIONS
Major periodontal pathogens were prevalent in the saliva of periodontally healthy Korean young adults. Therefore, we suggest that the development of periodontal disease should not be overlooked in periodontally healthy young people, as it can arise due to periodontal pathogen imbalance and host susceptibility.

Keyword

Bacterial load; Chronic periodontitis; Real-time polymerase chain reaction; Saliva; Young adult

MeSH Terms

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
Bacteria
Bacterial Load
Campylobacter rectus
Chronic Periodontitis
DNA
Eikenella corrodens
Female
Forsythia
Fusobacterium nucleatum
Healthy Volunteers
Humans
Male
Peptostreptococcus
Periodontal Diseases
Porphyromonas gingivalis
Prevalence
Prevotella intermedia
Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction*
Saliva*
Treponema denticola
Young Adult*
DNA

Figure

• 

  Figure 1 (A) Prevalence of 9 periodontal pathogens found in 94 periodontally healthy subjects. (B) DNA copy numbers of 9 periodontal pathogens. (C) Bacterial detection frequency in men and women. (D) Comparison of DNA copy numbers of 9 periodontal pathogens between men and women. The data are presented as mean±standard deviation (n=94). Aa: A. actinomycetemcomitans, Cr: C. rectus, Ec: E. corrodens, Fn: F. nucleatum, Pa: P. anaerobius, Pg: P. gingivalis, Pi: P. intermedia, Td: T. denticola, Tf: T. forsythia. a)Statistically significant difference (P<0.001), b)Statistically significant difference (P<0.05).

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