Allergy Asthma Respir Dis.  2019 Oct;7(4):218-221. 10.4168/aard.2019.7.4.218.

A case of hair dye-induced contact anaphylaxis

• Shin SM
• Lee Y
• Moon H
• Kim SA
• Oh JH
• Chung S
• Shim JS
• Kang HR

• KMID: 2461400
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4168/aard.2019.7.4.218

Abstract

Anaphylaxis is a sudden-onset life-threatening systemic hypersensitivity reaction. Allergens, such as foods, stinging insect venoms, and drugs, are the globally important causative factors for anaphylaxis. Para-phenylenediamine (PPD), an aromatic amine, is a well-known hair dye component that can act as a skin irritant and/or a skin sensitizer. As an allergen, PPD can induce various reactions; the most common being contact dermatitis, a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction. Anaphylaxis or other immediate hypersensitivity reactions by hair dye contact is extremely rare, with only a few cases reported worldwide. Here, we report a case of a 63-year-old female who presented to the Emergency Department with dyspnea, rash, vomiting, and diarrhea within minutes after using a hair dye product containing PPD. Her past medical history includes urticaria of unknown cause. Her total IgE antibody level was increased to 630 kU/L. Skin prick and patch tests with the hair dye she applied at the time of anaphylaxis demonstrated an immediate reaction. An additional patch test with 25 common contact allergens showed positive reaction to PPD. This is the first case report of hair dye-induced contact anaphylaxis presenting sensitization to PPD in Korea.

Keyword

Anaphylaxis; Hair dyes; Para-phenylenediamine

MeSH Terms

Allergens
Anaphylaxis*
Bites and Stings
Dermatitis, Contact
Diarrhea
Dyspnea
Emergency Service, Hospital
Exanthema
Female
Hair Dyes
Hair*
Humans
Hypersensitivity
Hypersensitivity, Immediate
Immunoglobulin E
Insects
Korea
Middle Aged
Patch Tests
Skin
Urticaria
Venoms
Vomiting
Allergens
Hair Dyes
Immunoglobulin E
Venoms

Reference

References

1. Jang GC, Chang YS, Choi SH, Song WJ, Lee SY, Park HS, et al. Overview of anaphylaxis in Korea: diagnosis and management. Allergy Asthma Respir Dis. 2013; 1:181–96.

2. Simons FE, Ebisawa M, Sanchez-Borges M, Thong BY, Worm M, Tanno LK, et al. 2015 update of the evidence base: World Allergy Organization anaphylaxis guidelines. World Allergy Organ J. 2015; 8:32.

3. Camargo CA Jr, Clark S, Kaplan MS, Lieberman P, Wood RA. Regional differences in EpiPen prescriptions in the United States: the potential role of vitamin D. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007; 120:131–6.

4. Fioletov VE, McArthur LJ, Mathews TW, Marrett L. Estimated ultraviolet exposure levels for a sufficient vitamin D status in North America. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2010; 100:57–66.

5. Mullins RJ, Clark S, Camargo CA Jr. Regional variation in epinephrine autoinjector prescriptions in Australia: more evidence for the vitamin D-anaphylaxis hypothesis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2009; 103:488–95.

6. Hyppönen E, Berry DJ, Wjst M, Power C. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and IgE – a significant but nonlinear relationship. Allergy. 2009; 64:613–20.

7. Skinner SL, Fowler JF. Contact anaphylaxis: a review. Am J Contact Derm. 1995; 6:133–42.

8. Pecquet C, Leynadier F, Dry J. Contact urticaria and anaphylaxis to natural latex. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1990; 22:631–3.

9. Ebo DG, Stevens WJ, Bridts CH, Matthieu L. Contact allergic dermatitis and life-threatening anaphylaxis to chlorhexidine. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1998; 101(1 Pt 1):128–9.

10. Kunisada M, Adachi A, Asano H, Horikawa T. Anaphylaxis due to form-aldehyde released from root-canal disinfectant. Contact Dermatitis. 2002; 47:215–8.

11. Pasche-Koo F, French L, Piletta-Zanin PA, Hauser C. Contact urticaria and shock to hair dye. Allergy. 1998; 53:904–5.

12. Makatsori M, Scadding GW, Skypala I, Durham SR. Silk contact anaphylaxis. Contact Dermatitis. 2014; 71:314–5.

13. Mukkanna KS, Stone NM, Ingram JR. Para-phenylenediamine allergy: current perspectives on diagnosis and management. J Asthma Allergy. 2017; 10:9–15.

14. Fukunaga T, Kawagoe R, Hozumi H, Kanzaki T. Contact anaphylaxis due to para-phenylenediamine. Contact Dermatitis. 1996; 35:185–6.

15. Goldberg BJ, Herman FF, Hirata I. Systemic anaphylaxis due to an oxidation product of p-phenylenediamine in a hair dye. Ann Allergy. 1987; 58:205–8.

16. Helaskoski E, Suojalehto H, Virtanen H, Airaksinen L, Kuuliala O, Aalto-Korte K, et al. Occupational asthma, rhinitis, and contact urticaria caused by oxidative hair dyes in hairdressers. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2014; 112:46–52.

17. Søsted H, Rustemeyer T, Gonçalo M, Bruze M, Goossens A, Giménez-Arnau AM, et al. Contact allergy to common ingredients in hair dyes. Contact Dermatitis. 2013; 69:32–9.

18. Oshima H, Tamaki T, Oh-I T, Koga M. Contact anaphylaxis due to para-aminophenol and para-methylaminophenol in hair dye. Contact Dermatitis. 2001; 45:359.

19. Goebel C, Troutman J, Hennen J, Rothe H, Schlatter H, Gerberick GF, et al. Introduction of a methoxymethyl side chain into p-phenylenediamine attenuates its sensitizing potency and reduces the risk of allergy induction. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2014; 274:480–7.

20. Belton AL, Chira T. Fatal anaphylactic reaction to hair dye. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 1997; 18:290–2.