J Korean Acad Oral Health.  2019 Sep;43(3):131-135. 10.11149/jkaoh.2019.43.3.131.

Effects of Diospyros kaki peel, Momordica charantia, and Canavalia gladiata extracts on the cariogenic traits of Streptococcus mutans

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea. kbsong@knu.ac.kr

Abstract


OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study is to determine methods of dental caries prevention by investigating the use of compounds of Diospyros kaki (D. kaki) peel, Momordica charantia (M. charantia), and Canavalia gladiata (C. gladiata) extracts to limit the cariogenic traits of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), such as their ability to proliferate and adhere to the tooth surface.
METHODS
Broth microdilution and the agar spreading assay were used to determine the antimicrobial effect and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of S. mutans extracts. In order to identify the adhesive ability of S. mutans at varying concentrations, culture plates were first stained with 1 ml of 0.01% crystal violet for 15 minutes at room temperature, and then eluted with 1 ml of EtOH:Acetone (8:2) solution for 15 minutes in a 37℃ incubator. Eluted solutions were then evaluated by use of a spectrophotometer at 575 nm.
RESULTS
Experiments were conducted in order to investigate the effectiveness of D. kaki peel, M. charantia, and C. gladiata extracts on limiting the proliferation of S. mutans. The MIC was measured as an indication of whether the antibacterial activity of D. kaki peel, M. charantia, and C. gladiata extracts had a significant bacteriostatic effect on S. mutans. M. charantia extract was effective for growth inhibition on S. mutans at a minimum concentration of 0.25%. From the adhesion ability assay, M. charantia extract had an anti-adhesive effect.
CONCLUSIONS
These results indicate that M. charantia extract demonstrates antibacterial activity and has an anti-adhesive effect on S. mutans. Due to these properties, M. charantia extract may be used to prevent dental caries.

Keyword

Antibacterial activity; Anti-adhesive effect; Canavalia gladiata; Diospyros kaki peel; Momordica charantia; Streptococcus mutans

MeSH Terms

Adhesives
Agar
Canavalia*
Dental Caries
Diospyros*
Gentian Violet
Incubators
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Momordica charantia*
Momordica*
Streptococcus mutans*
Streptococcus*
Thiram
Tooth
Adhesives
Agar
Gentian Violet
Thiram

Figure

  • Fig. 1. Adhesive ability of S. mutans with different concentrations of several extracts.


Reference

References

1. Health insurance review and assessment service. 2017 Status of high frequent diseases difference [Internet]. [cited 2019 Jun 25]. Available from:. http://opendata.hira.or.kr/op/opc/olapHthInsRvStatInfo.do?tNum=14#tab14.
2. Whiley RA, Beighton D. Current classification of the oral streptococci. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 1998; 13:195–216.
Article
3. Fahimipour AK, Ben Mamaar S, McFarland AG, Blaustein RA, Chen J, Glawe AJ, et al. Antimicrobial chemicals associate with microbial function and antibiotic resistance indoors. mSystems. 2018; 3:e00200–18.
Article
4. Jung IC, Sohn HY. Antioxidation, antimicrobial and antithrombosis activities of aged black garlic (Allium sativum L.). Korean J Micro-biol Biotechnol. 2014; 42:285–292.
Article
5. Hu P, Huang P, Chen MW. Curcumin reduces Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation by inhibiting sortase A activity. Arch Oral Biol. 2013; 58:1343–1348.
Article
6. Anita P, Sivasamy S, Madan Kumar PD, Balan IN, Ethiraj S. In vitro antibacterial activity of Camellia sinensis extract against cariogenic microorganisms. J Basic Clin Pharm. 2014; 6:35–39.
Article
7. George AP, Redpath S. Health and medicinal benefits of persimmon fruit: a review. Adv Hort Sci. 2008; 22:244–249.
8. Yaqub S, Farooq U, Shafi A, Akram K, Murtaza MA, Kausar T, et al. Chemistry and functionality of bioactive compounds present in persimmon. J Chem. 2016. 2016; Article ID 3424025.
Article
9. Butt MS, Sultan MT, Aziz M, Naz A, Ahmed W, Kumar N, et al. Persimmon (Diospyros kaki) fruit: Hidden phytochemicals and health claims. EXCLI J. 2015; 14:542–561.
10. Seo JH, Jeong YJ, Kim KS. Physiological characteristics of tannins isolated from astringent persimmon fruits. Korean J Food Sci Technol. 2000; 32:212–217.
11. Kawakami K, Aketa S, Nakanami M, Iizuka S, Hirayama M. Major water-soluble polyphenols, proanthocyanidins, in leaves of persimmon (Diospyros kaki) and their alpha-amylase inhibitory activity. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2010; 74:1380–1385.
12. Fukai S, Tanimoto S, Maeda A, Fukuda H, Okada Y, Nomura M. Pharmacological activity of compounds extracted from persimmon peel (Diospyros kaki THUNB.). J Oleo Sci. 2009; 58:213–219.
Article
13. Gürbüz I, Akyüz C, Yeşilada E, Sener B. Anti-ulcerogenic effect of Momordica charantia L. fruits on various ulcer models in rats. J Eth-nopharmacol. 2000; 71:77–82.
Article
14. Srivastava Y, Venlcatakrishna-Bhatt H, Verma Y. Effect of Monor-dica charantia Linn. pomous aqueous extract on cataractogenesis in murrin alloxan diabetics. Pharmacol Res Commun. 1988; 20:201–209.
Article
15. Virdi J, Sivakami S, Shahani S, Suthar AC, Banavalikar MM, Biyani MK. Antihyperglycemic effects of three extracts from Momordica charantia. J Ethnopharmacol. 2003; 88:107–111.
Article
16. Parkash A, Ng TB, Tso WW. Purification and characterization of charantin, a napin-like ribosome inactivating peptide from bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) seeds. J Pept Res. 2002; 59:197–202.
17. Day C, Cartwright T, Provost J, Bailey CJ. Hypoglycaemic effect of Momordica charantia extracts. Planta Med. 1990; 56:426–429.
18. Pugazhenthi S, Murthy SP. Partial purification of a hypoglycemic fraction from the unripe fruits of Momordica charantia Linn (bitter gourd). Indian J Clin Biochem. 1995; 10:19–22.
19. Ahn MJ, Yuk HJ, Lee HY, Hwang CE, Jeong YS, Hong SY, et al. Effect of the enhanced biological activities and reduced bitter taste of bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) by roasting. J Agric Life Sci. 2015; 49:107–119.
20. Moon SL, Choi SH. Characteristic of cookies quality containing bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) powder. Culi Sci & Hos Res. 2014; 20:80–90.
21. Kim BK, Hong JS, Yoon HJ, Hong SD, Hong SP, Lee JI. Influence of bitter melon extraction on oral squamous cell carcinoma. Kor J OMP. 2013; 37:59–66.
22. Boo HJ, Kim JA, Chun JY. Quality characteristics and antioxidative activity of different parts of bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.). J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr. 2019; 48:418–423.
Article
23. Jeon KS, Na HJ, Kim YM, Kwon HJ. Antiangiogenic activity of 4-O-methylgallic acid from Canavalia gladiata, dietary legume. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005; 330:1268–1274.
24. Ekanayake S, Skog K, Asp NG. Canavanine content in sword beans (Canavalia gladiata): analysis and effect of processing. Food Chem Toxicol. 2007; 45:797–803.
Article
25. Kim KA. Screening of antioxidants from Canavalia gladiata DC [master’s thesis]. Seoul: Konkuk University;2000. [Korean].
26. Park JH. Seperation and purification of the antifungal antibiotic from Canavalia gladiata [master’s thesis]. Chuncheon: Kangwon National University;2005. [Korean].
27. Nimenibo-Uadia R. Effect of aqueous extract of Canavalia ensiformis seeds on hyperlipidaemia and hyperketonaemia in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Biokemistri. 2003; 15:7–15.
28. Im SU, An SY, Choi YH, Song KB. Comparison of mRNA expression of gtf genes and adhesive ability of xylitol-sensitive and -resistant Streptococcus mutans by xylitol-treated concentrations. J Korean Acad Oral Health. 2012; 36:91–96.
29. Ahn JS. A study on cosmeceutical activities of cultivated diospyros kaki peel extract in Korea [master’s thesis]. Seoul: Chungang Uni-versity;2012. [Korean].
30. Kim SS, Kim KT, Hong HD. Development of Chunggukjang adding the sword beans. Korea Soybean Soc. 2001; 18:33–50.
31. Jang IC. Antioxidant activities of persimmon cultivars according to parts [master’s thesis]. Changwon: Kyungnam University;2010. [Korean].
Full Text Links
  • JKAOH
Actions
Cited
CITED
export Copy
Close
Share
  • Twitter
  • Facebook
Similar articles
Copyright © 2024 by Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors. All rights reserved.     E-mail: koreamed@kamje.or.kr